Aim,
"Evidence for the effects of offshore fixed and floating wind structures on the marine ecosystem during construction, maintenance and decommisioning stages  ",
,
Topics,
"Constructing, operating and decommissioning of fixed and floating offshore wind structures",
Ecosystem effects of fixed and floating offshore wind structures,
Multiple pressures on ecosystem services from offshore wind and other sources,
,
Definitions,
"Grey literature, as defined by Mahood et al (2014) and GreyNet.org, include dissertations, conference proceedings, reports, book chapters, handbooks, magazine articles, newsletters, blogs, wikis, and preprints. We add: survey data, ",
,
Search string (where possible),
Marine and offshore qualifying terms ,
TS=(marine OR offshore OR pelagic OR benthic OR ocean* OR sea OR shelf OR shelves OR coast*). ,
AND   ,
Population terms ,
TS=(ecosystem$ OR habitat$ OR seabed$ OR sediment$ OR “ecological system*” OR “water column” OR benthos OR environment* OR species OR assemblage$ OR communit* OR population$ OR fsher* OR service$ OR human$ OR people OR fish* OR bird* OR mammal* OR reptile* OR bat* OR turtle* OR whale* OR plankton* OR shellfish*) ,
AND,
Intervention and exposure terms ,
TS=(plac* OR install* OR deploy* OR decommission* OR manag* OR reefng OR toppling OR topping OR repurpose* OR relocat* OR alter* OR salvag* OR remov*) ,
AND,
Man‑made structure terms ,
"TS=(“wind structure$” OR “wind farm$” OR ""wind turbine*"" OR MREI OR ""floating wind$""",
,
"Where searches could not be performed using the full search string (as above), either keyword searches were undertaken or manual systematic searches were performed. Keyword searches were often required because websites either didn't enable access to full publication lists or their search facilities could not process longer search strings. Keyword searches were performed using combinations of the following terms: ""offshore wind*"", ""environmental impact*"", ""ecosystem*"" which varied according to site dependant limitations.",
,
Location of relevant studies,
Primary literature was searched for between September 2021 and January 2022,
"Institutional, organisational and data portal websites were searched for grey literature between June 2022 and September 2022. ",
"Use of search strings and combinations of keywords is vary rarely enabled within grey literature source sites, and many websites have search facilities with limited functionality therefore a review-specific strategy will be applied (environmentalevidence.org; Richard Adams et al 2016 Shades of Grey IJMR) . Generalised guidance and replicability cannot therefore be guaranteed, but historical accounts of search mechanisms will be recorded for all searches, alongside documentary record of decisions and processes. Search strings will be modified, broken down or replaced to facilitate searches within variable platforms and document types.",
"Sources have been selected based on reputation, currency, authority, accessibility and search functionality. ",
Selected bibliographies have been used for snowballing where articles are have been deemed particularly relevant i.e. Hooper et al,
,
Study selection,
,Inclusion criteria
,Published in English
,Exclude conceptual
,Empirical only
,UK only (grey literature)
,Include details of impacts
,
,Evaluation criteria
,Relevance to the aim of the review