Type of literature,Full reference,Title,Intervention - level 1,Population - level 1,Population - level 2,Population - level 3,Outcome - level 1,Outcome - level 2,Presence or mention of non-native or invasive species,Presence or mention of commercial species,Study design - level 1,Study design - level 2,Study year(s),Date of Publication,Structure ID-name,Structure type,Structure age (at time of study),Structure depth (in seabed),Geographical marine location - level 1,Geographical marine location - level 2,Country,Region,Subject ,Pressure,Outcome,ES impact ,ES group ,Classification system used,Notes
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.",Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2011,2013,Thornton Bank,Windmill artificial reefs (WARs),1-3 years,22.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Study of Atlantic cod and pouting abundance and aggreation near OWF, two shipwrecks, and two natural sandy areas (Thortonbank and Goote bank, depth of 25m), across seasons over three years."
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.",Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Pouting (Trispterus luscus),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2011,2013,Thornton Bank,Windmill artificial reefs (WARs),1-3 years,22.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Study of Atlantic cod and pouting abundance and aggreation near OWF, two shipwrecks, and two natural sandy areas (Thortonbank and Goote bank, depth of 25m), across seasons over three years."
Primary,"Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J.E., Saurola, P., Ijäs, A. and Laaksonen, T., 2018. Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland. Landscape and Urban Planning, 177, pp.251-258",Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,White-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2009-2015,2018,Many,Turbines,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Finland,UK_Europe,white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Transmitters fitted to White-tailed eagle nestlings (Annex I of EU's bird directive) and assesses their space use against many existing and proposed OWF sites.  Only a few of the sites are offshore. 2x supplementary data.
Primary,"Reilly, K., O’hagan, A.M. and Dalton, G., 2015. Attitudes and perceptions of fishermen on the island of Ireland towards the development of marine renewable energy projects. Marine Policy, 58, pp.88-97.",Attitudes and perceptions of fishermen on the island of Ireland towards the development of marine renewable energy projects,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishers commercial ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2013,2015,FFW,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,Ireland,UK_Europe,Fishermen (commercial),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive acceptance of new OWF ,Inconclusive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",0
Primary,"Ladenburg, J., (2010). Attitudes towards offshore wind farms—The role of beach visits on attitude and demographic and attitude relations. Energy Policy, 38(3), pp.1297-1304",Attitudes towards offshore wind farms-The role of beach visits on attitude and demographic and attitude relations,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach Visitors,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2006,2010,Unspecified,Unspecified,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Attitudes towards offshore windfarms from beach visitors
Primary,"Ladenburg, J., 2008. Attitudes towards on-land and offshore wind power development in Denmark; choice of development strategy. Renewable Energy, 33(1), pp.111-118.",Attitudes towards on-land and offshore wind power development in Denmark; choice of development strategy,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Danish citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2003-2004,2008,Unspecified,Whole structure,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Attitudes towards OWF visual impacts
Primary,"Desholm, M. and Kahlert, J., 2005. Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm. Biology letters, 1(3), pp.296-298.",Avian collision risk at an offshore windfarm. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common eider (Somateria mollissima), Geese",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,Unclear - 2000-2003,2005,Nysted offshore wind farm,Turbine,0-1 year,69m (height),Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in the perentage of bird flocks entering the OWF before and after construction, and avoidance behaviour (of turbineS) based on distance to nearest turbine during flight. Methods and statistics unclear."
Primary,"Desholm, M. and Kahlert, J., 2005. Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm. Biology letters, 1(3), pp.296-298.",Avian collision risk at an offshore windfarm. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common eider (Somateria mollissima), Geese",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,Unclear,2005,Nysted offshore wind farm,Turbine,0-1 year,69m (height),Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,No mortality impact due to collision,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in the perentage of bird flocks entering the OWF before and after construction, and avoidance behaviour (of turbineS) based on distance to nearest turbine during flight. Methods and statistics unclear."
Primary,"Russell, D.J., Hastie, G.D., Thompson, D., Janik, V.M., Hammond, P.S., Scott‐Hayward, L.A., Matthiopoulos, J., Jones, E.L. and McConnell, B.J., 2016. Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(6), pp.1642-1652.",Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003-2012,2016,"Inner Dowsing, Lynn, Sheringham Shoal, Lincs",Wind farms,2-5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Telemetry study using historical data (2003-2006) before wind farms were present and 2012 data to assess seal usage of the area. In 2012 they also specificallly looked at seal usage during piling and non-piling, and related it to Sound Pressure Levels and Sound Exposure Levels (this was excluded from the metadata as the review isnt interested in the impacts of the MMS's activity, only its structure)."
Primary,"Russell, D.J., Hastie, G.D., Thompson, D., Janik, V.M., Hammond, P.S., Scott‐Hayward, L.A., Matthiopoulos, J., Jones, E.L. and McConnell, B.J., 2016. Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(6), pp.1642-1652.",Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003-2012,2016,"Inner Dowsing, Lynn, Sheringham Shoal, Lincs",Wind farms,2-5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Construction of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Telemetry study using historical data (2003-2006) before wind farms were present and 2012 data to assess seal usage of the area. In 2012 they also specificallly looked at seal usage during piling and non-piling, and related it to Sound Pressure Levels and Sound Exposure Levels (this was excluded from the metadata as the review isnt interested in the impacts of the MMS's activity, only its structure)."
Primary,"Russell, D.J., Hastie, G.D., Thompson, D., Janik, V.M., Hammond, P.S., Scott‐Hayward, L.A., Matthiopoulos, J., Jones, E.L. and McConnell, B.J., 2016. Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(6), pp.1642-1652.",Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003-2012,2016,"Inner Dowsing, Lynn, Sheringham Shoal, Lincs",Wind farms,2-5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Telemetry study using historical data (2003-2006) before wind farms were present and 2012 data to assess seal usage of the area. In 2012 they also specificallly looked at seal usage during piling and non-piling, and related it to Sound Pressure Levels and Sound Exposure Levels (this was excluded from the metadata as the review isnt interested in the impacts of the MMS's activity, only its structure)."
Primary,"Masden, E.A., Haydon, D.T., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R. and Desholm, M., (2009). Barriers to movement: impacts of wind farms on migrating birds. ICES Journal of marine Science, 66(4), pp.746-753",Barriers to movement: impacts of wind farms on migrating birds,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2005,2009,Nysted offshore wind farm,Whole wind farm area,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study modelling trajectories, avoidance behaviour, migration, and cost of avoidance of an OWF by common eiders"
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Bouma, S. and Lengkeek, W., 2013. Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 41, pp.59-67.",Benthic communities on hard substrates within the first Dutch offshore wind farm (OWEZ),Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2008-2011,2013,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),3x turbines,1-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing the fauna present along the depth ranges of 3 monopiles and their scour protetion, in 2008 and again in 2011 (no statistical analysis was done to compare the two sampling points). "
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Common dragonette,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Sea scorpion,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Mackerel,Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Horse mackerel,Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Herring,Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Sprat,Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Dab,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in fish adundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Sole,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in fish adundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Solenette,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in fish adundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Whiting,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in fish adundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Edible crab (Cancer pagurus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Van Hal, R., Griffioen, A.B. and Van Keeken, O.A., 2017. Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm. Marine Environmental Research, 126, pp.26-36.","Changes in fish communities on a small spatial scale, an effect of increased habitat complexity by an offshore wind farm",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Demersal fish and invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011,2017,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles and sandy habitat within the farm,4-5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Velvet crab ,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Fish and mobile invertebrates abundance, size, and behaviour (schooling, aggregation, solitary) in the vicinity of the monopiles of an OWF, compared to the sandy habitat in the middle of the OWF"
Primary,"Stelzenmüller, V., Diekmann, R., Bastardie, F., Schulze, T., Berkenhagen, J., Kloppmann, M., Krause, G., Pogoda, B., Buck, B.H. and Kraus, G., 2016. Co-location of passive gear fisheries in offshore wind farms in the German EEZ of the North Sea: A first socio-economic scoping. Journal of Environmental Management, 183, pp.794-805.",Co-location of passive gear fisheries in offshore wind farms in the German EEZ of the North Sea: A first socio-economic scoping,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fishers,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010-2012,2016,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Fishermen (commercial),Operation of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Socio-economic comparison of fisher landings between OWF and non OWF areas 
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Cod,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Sole,Construction of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Plaice,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Dab,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Brill,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Turbot,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Sandeel,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H.O., Kloppmann, M.H., Pedersen, S.A. and Schulze, T., 2010. Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries. Marine policy, 34(3), pp.733-736.",Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,8 Commerical fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,"Butendiek, Borkum Riffgrund, Amrumbank
West,Nordsee Ost,Sandbank 24,Enova Offshore
North Sea
Windpower,Nordlicher Grund, Global Tech I, Bard Offshore I, Meerwind OST
SUD, Borkum West II,Gode Wind,Gode Wind II 
West,
West,Amrumbank
West",Turbines,Unclear,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Common shrimp,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,total catch for areas inside and outside of wind farms
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., De Rijcke, M., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., (2014). Diel variation in feeding and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod at offshore wind farms. Journal of Sea Research, 85, pp.214-221.",Diel variation in feeding and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod at offshore wind farms,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2011,2014,C-Power OWF (Thorntonbank),"Turbine gravity based foundations, scour protection (windmill artificial reef - WAR)",3 years,22.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,No Impact on behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Study of feeding behaviour and preference of cod at an OWF - some info in previous paper by same author on same OWF
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Diver,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Gannet,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Little gull,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Terns ,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Welcker, J. and Nehls, G., 2016. Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 554, pp.173-182.",Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Divers Gannets (Morus bassanus), Little gulls (Hydrocoloeus minutus), Common gulls (Larus canus), Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus,) Herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Great black-backed gulls, (Larus marinus), Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Terns, Alcids",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010 and 2013,2016,Alpha Ventus,Turbines,0-3 years,148-155 m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Alcids,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,77 surveys completed over study period. The effects on seabirds is investigated in response to the presence of the wind turbine compared to carefully chosen control transects. Review of selected literature is also included (included for snowballing)
Primary,"Devine-Wright, P. and Howes, Y., 2010. Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(3), pp.271-280",Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Welsh citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2008,2010,Gwynt y Mor,Whole structure,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Local residents,Operation of windfarm,Negative impacts on local identity,Negative impact on sense of place and identity ,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Ryfield et al., 2019","Questionnaire items were designed to capture place attachment and symbolic meanings, as well as interpretive, evaluative and behavioural responses towards soon to be constructed OWF"
Primary,"Thaxter, C.B., Ross-Smith, V.H., Bouten, W., Masden, E.A., Clark, N.A., Conway, G.J., Barber, L., Clewley, G.D. and Burton, N.H., 2018. Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 587, pp.247-253.",Dodging the blades: New insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2018,"Barrow, Ormonde, Walney 1, Walney 2 and West of Duddon Sands",Turbines,Unspecified ,Unspecified ,Atlantic,Irish Sea,England,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus,Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Bird telemetry across 5 OWF sites
Primary,"Kerckhof, F., Rumes, B., Jacques, T., Degraer, S. and Norro, A., 2010. Early development of the subtidal marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea): first monitoring results. Underwater technology, 29(3), pp.137-149.",Early development of the subtidal marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea): First monitoring results. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macrofauna,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2009-2010,2010,Windmill D5 (C-Power OWF),Foundations,1-2 years,20-25m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on community composition,Inconclusive impact on nutrient cycling,Inconclusive impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Survey of colonization of OWF foundations, following installatin. Several samplesw were taken, to capture seasonality, but not statistically compared. It is unclear if the sampling was done at the 6 foundations, or just at the foundation of windmill D5. Pilot sampling was done in 2008 (3months after construction), but is presented in a different paper."
Primary,"Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T.G. and Rosenqvist, G., 2018. Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden. Ecological indicators, 84, pp.1-6.","Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Species or biological,"Fecundity, Reproductive output (incl fertility, hatchling success), egg/sperm quality, or recruitment",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2018,Lillgrund OWF,Turbines,4-5 years,4-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Sweden, Denmark",UK_Europe,Eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Operation of windfarm,No impact on juveniles,No impact on life cycle maintenance – maintaining nursery habitats,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Comparison of the viviparous eelpout at a OWF and control sites, including health indexes, brood information and weight."
Primary,"Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T.G. and Rosenqvist, G., 2018. Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden. Ecological indicators, 84, pp.1-6.","Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Species or biological,"Fecundity, Reproductive output (incl fertility, hatchling success), egg/sperm quality, or recruitment",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2018,Lillgrund OWF,Turbines,4-5 years,4-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Sweden, Denmark",UK_Europe,Eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Comparison of the viviparous eelpout at a OWF and control sites, including health indexes, brood information and weight."
Primary,"Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T.G. and Rosenqvist, G., 2018. Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden. Ecological indicators, 84, pp.1-6.","Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous) fry,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2018,Lillgrund OWF,Turbines,4-5 years,4-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Sweden, Denmark",UK_Europe,Eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish condition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Comparison of the viviparous eelpout at a OWF and control sites, including health indexes, brood information and weight."
Primary,"Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T.G. and Rosenqvist, G., 2018. Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden. Ecological indicators, 84, pp.1-6.","Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous) fry,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2018,Lillgrund OWF,Turbines,4-5 years,4-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Sweden, Denmark",UK_Europe,Eelpout (Zoarces viviparous),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Comparison of the viviparous eelpout at a OWF and control sites, including health indexes, brood information and weight."
Primary,"Bergman, M.J., Ubels, S.M., Duineveld, G.C. and Meesters, E.W., 2015. Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(3), pp.962-972.",Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All macrofauna,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects), 2007 and 2011 ,2015, OWEZ wind farm ,Platforms,Unspecified,12-20m ,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on invert community abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"OWEZ wind farm is compared with six reference areas regarding macrofaunal species density, biomass, production, and diversity.  Shifts in the species composition due to trawling is investigated using control impact design - not directly the effect of the MMS hence correllative study chosen. Includes mention of the invasive and commercially exploited species American jackknife Ensis directus and the economically valuable bivalve Spisula subtruncata."
Primary,"Bergman, M.J., Ubels, S.M., Duineveld, G.C. and Meesters, E.W., 2015. Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(3), pp.962-972.",Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All macrofauna,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects), 2007 and 2011 ,2015, OWEZ wind farm ,Platforms,Unspecified,12-20m ,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on invert community composition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"OWEZ wind farm is compared with six reference areas regarding macrofaunal species density, biomass, production, and diversity.  Shifts in the species composition due to trawling is investigated using control impact design - not directly the effect of the MMS hence correllative study chosen. Includes mention of the invasive and commercially exploited species American jackknife Ensis directus and the economically valuable bivalve Spisula subtruncata."
Primary,"Bergman, M.J., Ubels, S.M., Duineveld, G.C. and Meesters, E.W., 2015. Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(3), pp.962-972.",Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All macrofauna,Ecological or community,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects), 2007 and 2011 ,2015, OWEZ wind farm ,Platforms,Unspecified,12-20m ,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on invert community diversity,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"OWEZ wind farm is compared with six reference areas regarding macrofaunal species density, biomass, production, and diversity.  Shifts in the species composition due to trawling is investigated using control impact design - not directly the effect of the MMS hence correllative study chosen. Includes mention of the invasive and commercially exploited species American jackknife Ensis directus and the economically valuable bivalve Spisula subtruncata."
Primary,"Langhamer, O., Holand, H. and Rosenqvist, G., 2016. Effects of an offshore wind farm (OWF) on the common shore crab Carcinus maenas: tagging pilot experiments in the lillgrund offshore wind farm (Sweden). PloS one, 11(10), p.e0165096.",Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) on the Common Shore Crab Carcinus maenas: Tagging Pilot Experiments in the Lillgrund Offshore Wind Farm (Sweden),Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Common shore crab (Carcinus maenas),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2016,Lillgrund OWF,OWF,3-4 years,4-9m depth (115m turbine height),Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Sweden, Denmark",UK_Europe,Green shore crab (Carcinus maenas),Operation of windfarm,No impact on invert community condition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Study of the common shore crab population at Lillgrund OWF and at 2 control sites: Sjollen (13km north of OWF) and Bredgrund (8km south of OWF).
Primary,"Bergström, L., Sundqvist, F. and Bergström, U., 2013. Effects of an offshore wind farm on temporal and spatial patterns in the demersal fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 485, pp.199-210.",Effects of an offshore wind farm on temporal and spatial patterns in the demersal fish community,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish (20 species),Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2013,Lillgrund OWF,Whole wind farm area,0-3 years,4-10m,Atlantic,North Sea,Sweden,UK_Europe,Fish,Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,BACI study of fish assemblage at an OWF and two reference (control) areas (although not all analyses were undertaken using a BACI design)
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S., Markones, N., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2020. Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season. Marine Environmental Research, 162, p.105157.",Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2020,"Butendiek, Amrumbank West, Nordsee Ost, Meerwind",Turbines,0-2 years,10-40m (seabed depth); above water height unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Guillemots,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Density and distribution of two seabird species before and after the construction of OWF, during spring and during the breeding season"
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S., Markones, N., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2020. Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season. Marine Environmental Research, 162, p.105157.",Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2020,"Butendiek, Amrumbank West, Nordsee Ost, Meerwind",Turbines,0-2 years,10-40m (seabed depth); above water height unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Guillemots,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Density and distribution of two seabird species before and after the construction of OWF, during spring and during the breeding season"
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S., Markones, N., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2020. Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season. Marine Environmental Research, 162, p.105157.",Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2020,"Butendiek, Amrumbank West, Nordsee Ost, Meerwind",Turbines,0-2 years,10-40m (seabed depth); above water height unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Density and distribution of two seabird species before and after the construction of OWF, during spring and during the breeding season"
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S., Markones, N., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2020. Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season. Marine Environmental Research, 162, p.105157.",Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2020,"Butendiek, Amrumbank West, Nordsee Ost, Meerwind",Turbines,0-2 years,10-40m (seabed depth); above water height unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Density and distribution of two seabird species before and after the construction of OWF, during spring and during the breeding season"
Primary,"De Troch, M., Reubens, J.T., Heirman, E., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., 2013. Energy profiling of demersal fish: A case-study in wind farm artificial reefs. Marine environmental research, 92, pp.224-233.",Energy profiling of demersal fish: A case-study in wind farm artificial reefs,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Ecological or community,Trophic structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),2011,2013,C-Power OWF (Thorntonbank),Scour protection layer and foundations.,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,Postive impact on habitat quality,Positive impact on habitat condition,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Energy profiling and trophic markers were applied to study comercially valuable Atlantic cod and pouting feeding ecologies at a wind farm.  Fish iver and muscle tissues also investigated along with selected prey species. Seasonal variation considered.
Primary,"De Troch, M., Reubens, J.T., Heirman, E., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., 2013. Energy profiling of demersal fish: A case-study in wind farm artificial reefs. Marine environmental research, 92, pp.224-233.",Energy profiling of demersal fish: A case-study in wind farm artificial reefs,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Ecological or community,Trophic structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),2011,2013,C-Power OWF (Thorntonbank),Scour protection layer and foundations.,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,Postive impact on habitat quality,Positive impact on habitat condition,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Energy profiling and trophic markers were applied to study comercially valuable Atlantic cod and pouting feeding ecologies at a wind farm.  Fish iver and muscle tissues also investigated along with selected prey species. Seasonal variation considered.
Primary,"Krone, R., Gutow, L., Joschko, T.J. and Schröder, A., 2013. Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation–implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea. Marine environmental research, 85, pp.1-12",Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation - Implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epifauna ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2005-2007,2013,FINO 1,Foundations,2-5 years,28m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"temporal, seasonal and depth related abundance and biomass estimaes on OWF foundations"
Primary,"Krone, R., Gutow, L., Joschko, T.J. and Schröder, A., 2013. Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation–implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea. Marine environmental research, 85, pp.1-12",Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation - Implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epifauna ,Species or biological,Biomass,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2005-2007,2013,FINO 1,Foundations,2-5 years,28m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic biomass,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"temporal, seasonal and depth related abundance and biomass estimaes on OWF foundations"
Primary,"Krone, R., Gutow, L., Joschko, T.J. and Schröder, A., 2013. Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation–implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea. Marine environmental research, 85, pp.1-12",Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation - Implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epifauna ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2005-2007,2013,FINO 1,Foundations,2-5 years,28m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Shellfish (M edulis),Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"temporal, seasonal and depth related abundance and biomass estimaes on OWF foundations"
Primary,"Krone, R., Gutow, L., Joschko, T.J. and Schröder, A., 2013. Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation–implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea. Marine environmental research, 85, pp.1-12",Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation - Implications of future wind power farming in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epifauna ,Species or biological,Biomass,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2005-2007,2013,FINO 1,Foundations,2-5 years,28m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Shellfish (M edulis),Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic biomass,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"temporal, seasonal and depth related abundance and biomass estimaes on OWF foundations"
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,"Seven flatfish species (American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides, fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus, Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, windowpane flounder Scophthalmus aquosus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferruginea)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012-2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Whole structure (of interest: steel jacket foundation),0-1 year,25-30m,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,USA,Global,Flatfish (7 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study assessing changes in flatfish assemblages before/during/after the construction of a pilot OWF. Data obtained  before (baseline), during pile driving, during turbine installations (steel jacket foundatio in place but turbinenot operational), during cable installation, and during operation, near the OWF and at two reference areas nearby. "
Primary,"Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Moens, T. and Vanaverbeke, J., 2020. Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: a stable isotope study. Marine Environmental Research, 157, p.104868.",Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epibenthos and fish: Mytilus; Jassa; Metridium; lobster; crabs; 46 inverts; 8 vertebrate spp.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2020,Thornton Bank,Foundations,8-9 years,0-28m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on community composition,Inconclusive impact on nutrient cycling,Inconclusive impact on Supporting services,MEA,An evaluation of community structure and trophic structure associated with OWF turbine foundations
Primary,"Warren, C.R., Lumsden, C., O'Dowd, S. and Birnie, R.V., 2005. ‘Green on green’: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland. Journal of environmental planning and management, 48(6), pp.853-875.",Green On Green: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Scottish and Irish citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2003,2005,"Dun Law,Black Hill,Currabwee,Milane Hill,Beenageeha,Tuarsillagh",Turbines,3-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,"North Sea, Irish Sea","UK, Ireland",UK_Europe,General public (Scotland),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","Public Perceptions of
Wind Power in Scotland and Ireland"
Primary,"Warren, C.R., Lumsden, C., O'Dowd, S. and Birnie, R.V., 2005. ‘Green on green’: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland. Journal of environmental planning and management, 48(6), pp.853-875.",Green On Green: public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Scottish and Irish citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2003,2005,"Dun Law,Black Hill,Currabwee,Milane Hill,Beenageeha,Tuarsillagh",Turbines,3-4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,"North Sea, Irish Sea","UK, Ireland",UK_Europe,General public (Ireland),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","Public Perceptions of
Wind Power in Scotland and Ireland"
Primary,"Vecchiato, D., 2014. How do you like wind farms? Understanding people’s preferences about new energy landscapes with choice experiments. Aestimum, pp.15-37.",How do you like wind farms? Understanding people's preferences about new energy landscapes with choice experiments,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Italian citizens ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2011,2014,Unspecified,Turbines,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,Italy,UK_Europe,General public (Italy),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","The survey administered covers future perceptions of offshore wind farms in Italy via choice experiments (e.g. turbine height, distance cost etc.)"
Primary,"Vecchiato, D., 2014. How do you like wind farms? Understanding people’s preferences about new energy landscapes with choice experiments. Aestimum, pp.15-37.",How do you like wind farms? Understanding people's preferences about new energy landscapes with choice experiments,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Italian citizens ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2011,2014,Unspecified,Turbines,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,Italy,UK_Europe,Tourists,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on seascape ,Positive impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"The survey administered covers future perceptions of offshore wind farms in Italy via choice experiments (e.g. turbine height, distance cost etc.)"
Primary,"Lange, C.J., Ballard, B.M. and Collins, D.P., 2018. Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 82(3), pp.531-537.",Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"redhead, Aythya americana",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2003; 2012-2014,2018,Unspecified,Turbines,0-4 years,<1m,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico ,USA,Global,Redhead (Aythya americana),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES," 101 weekly aerial surveys to monitor redhead use of coastal ponds across 5 years: 69 prior to construction of the wind farm and 32 post-construction. Looks at the effects OWF construction on the overwintering onshore habitat for bird  (redhead, Aythya americana). "
Primary,"Lange, C.J., Ballard, B.M. and Collins, D.P., 2018. Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 82(3), pp.531-537.",Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"redhead, Aythya americana",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2003; 2012-2014,2018,Unspecified,Turbines,0-4 years,<1m,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico ,USA,Global,Redhead (Aythya americana),Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES," 101 weekly aerial surveys to monitor redhead use of coastal ponds across 5 years: 69 prior to construction of the wind farm and 32 post-construction. Looks at the effects OWF construction on the overwintering onshore habitat for bird  (redhead, Aythya americana). "
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), Blacklegged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Gannet (Morus bassanus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Blyth turbines,"Turbines, blades",0-3 years,58.4m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (7 species),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study assessing differences in the numbers and behaviour of seabirds following construction of two turbines offshore, as well as mortality from collision."
Primary,"Stenberg, C., Støttrup, J.G., van Deurs, M., Berg, C.W., Dinesen, G.E., Mosegaard, H., Grome, T.M. and Leonhard, S.B., 2015. Long-term effects of an offshore wind farm in the North Sea on fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 528, pp.257-265.",Long-term effects of an offshore wind farm in the North Sea on fish communities,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish,Ecological or community,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2009,2015,"Horns Rev 1 OWF - Turbine No. 55, No. 58, and No. 95",Turbines,0-7 years,6.5-13m,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Fish,Operation of windfarm,Increase in community composition,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study of fish assemblage at an OWF in the North Sea - BACI - and changes with increasing distances from the turbine foundations: near (0 to 100 m), middle (120 to 220 m) and far (230 to 330 m)."
Primary,"Stenberg, C., Støttrup, J.G., van Deurs, M., Berg, C.W., Dinesen, G.E., Mosegaard, H., Grome, T.M. and Leonhard, S.B., 2015. Long-term effects of an offshore wind farm in the North Sea on fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 528, pp.257-265.",Long-term effects of an offshore wind farm in the North Sea on fish communities,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2009,2015,"Horns Rev 1 OWF - Turbine No. 55, No. 58, and No. 95",Turbines,0-7 years,6.5-13m,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Fish,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study of fish assemblage at an OWF in the North Sea - BACI - and changes with increasing distances from the turbine foundations: near (0 to 100 m), middle (120 to 220 m) and far (230 to 330 m)."
Primary,"Krone, R., Dederer, G., Kanstinger, P., Krämer, P., Schneider, C. and Schmalenbach, I., 2017. Mobile demersal megafauna at common offshore wind turbine foundations in the German Bight (North Sea) two years after deployment-increased production rate of Cancer pagurus. Marine environmental research, 123, pp.53-61.",Mobile demersal megafauna at common offshore wind turbine foundations in the German Bight (North Sea) two years after deployment - increased production rate of Cancer pagurus,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,5 spp. Crustacea incl. C. pagarus; 14 fish spp.,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2011; 2014,2017,Alpha Ventus; FINO1; Riffgat,Jacket; Tripod; Monopile with gravel and coarse rock armouring,2 years,20-29m,Atlantic,North Sea,German Bight,UK_Europe,Cancer pagurus,Operation of windfarm,Increase in juveniles,Positive impact on life cycle maintenance – maintaining nursery habitats,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Examines abundance, size and recruitment (production) of C. pagarus and other crustacea and fish on two OWF comprised of jackets, tripod and monopile foundations. "
Primary,"Karama, K.S., Matsushita, Y., Inoue, M., Kojima, K., Tone, K., Nakamura, I. and Kawabe, R., 2021. Movement pattern of red seabream Pagrus major and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata around Offshore Wind Turbine and the neighboring habitats in the waters near Goto Islands, Japan. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 6(3), pp.300-308.","Movement pattern of red seabream Pagrus major and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata around Offshore Wind Turbine and the neighboring habitats in the waters near Goto Islands, Japan",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Red seabream (Pagrus major), Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2021,Unspecified (referred to as OWT),Wind turbine,>1 year,100m,Pacific,East China Sea,Japan,Global,Red seabream (Pagrus major),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Seasonal variation in residence time and site preference of two fish species released at an OWF (established in 2014), but monitored around the OWT, two AR (deployed in 1993 and 2015), and a natural reef. No statistical analyses apear to have been performed."
Primary,"Karama, K.S., Matsushita, Y., Inoue, M., Kojima, K., Tone, K., Nakamura, I. and Kawabe, R., 2021. Movement pattern of red seabream Pagrus major and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata around Offshore Wind Turbine and the neighboring habitats in the waters near Goto Islands, Japan. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 6(3), pp.300-308.","Movement pattern of red seabream Pagrus major and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata around Offshore Wind Turbine and the neighboring habitats in the waters near Goto Islands, Japan",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Red seabream (Pagrus major), Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2021,Unspecified (referred to as OWT),Wind turbine,>1 year,100m,Pacific,East China Sea,Japan,Global,Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata,Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Seasonal variation in residence time and site preference of two fish species released at an OWF (established in 2014), but monitored around the OWT, two AR (deployed in 1993 and 2015), and a natural reef. No statistical analyses apear to have been performed."
Primary,"Michler-Cieluch, T. and Kodeih, S., 2008. Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: an opinion survey. Coastal Management, 36(4), pp.392-411.",Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,8 different intrest groups or institutions ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2005-2006,2008,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Fishermen (commercial),Operation of windfarm,Negative acceptance of new OWF ,Negative public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",User groups preferences and attitudes for OWF construction. Also looks at attitudes of co-location of OWF with other sea uses such a aquaculture.
Primary,"Michler-Cieluch, T. and Kodeih, S., 2008. Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: an opinion survey. Coastal Management, 36(4), pp.392-411.",Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,8 different intrest groups or institutions ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2005-2006,2008,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive acceptance of new OWF ,Inconclusive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",User groups preferences and attitudes for OWF construction. Also looks at attitudes of co-location of OWF with other sea uses such a aquaculture.
Primary,"Klain, S., Satterfield, T., Chan, K.M. and Lindberg, K., 2020. Octopus’s garden under the blade: Boosting biodiversity increases willingness to pay for offshore wind in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, p.101744.",Octopus's garden under the blade: Boosting biodiversity increases willingness to pay for offshore wind in the United States,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,coastal New England citizens,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2014,2020,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","Hypothetical wind farm  choice experiment, willingness to pay to avoid biodiverity loss via different windfarm designs"
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Vandendriessche, S., Zenner, A.N., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., 2013. Offshore wind farms as productive sites or ecological traps for gadoid fishes?–Impact on growth, condition index and diet composition. Marine environmental research, 90, pp.66-74.","Offshore wind farms as productive sites or ecological traps for gadoid fishes? - Impact on growth, condition index and diet composition",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod,Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2012,2013,Unspecified,OWF (WAR-windmill artificial reef),Unspecified,22.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Operation of windfarm,No impact on condition ,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,MEA,"Study of fish age, size and condition at OWF. Looked at fish length also at a local sandy site (Goote Bank) and at 2 regional sites (BPNS and Ivc, Southern Bight). Assessment of age and size was also compared between months and seasons."
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Vandendriessche, S., Zenner, A.N., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., 2013. Offshore wind farms as productive sites or ecological traps for gadoid fishes?–Impact on growth, condition index and diet composition. Marine environmental research, 90, pp.66-74.","Offshore wind farms as productive sites or ecological traps for gadoid fishes? - Impact on growth, condition index and diet composition",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Pouting,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2012,2013,Unspecified,OWF (WAR-windmill artificial reef),Unspecified,22.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,No impact on condition ,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study of fish age, size and condition at OWF. Looked at fish length also at a local sandy site (Goote Bank) and at 2 regional sites (BPNS and Ivc, Southern Bight). Assessment of age and size was also compared between months and seasons."
Primary,"Mendel, B., Schwemmer, P., Peschko, V., Müller, S., Schwemmer, H., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2019. Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.). Journal of environmental management, 231, pp.429-438.",Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.),Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Loon (Gavia spp.),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2019,"Butendiek OWF, Helgoland Cluster OWFs",Unspecified,0-4 years,10-40m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Loons (Gavia spp.),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on foraging habitat,Negative impact on habitat quantity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Study of OWF effects on birds abundance and distribution before and after construction - using empirical data from datasets
Primary,"Mendel, B., Schwemmer, P., Peschko, V., Müller, S., Schwemmer, H., Mercker, M. and Garthe, S., 2019. Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.). Journal of environmental management, 231, pp.429-438.",Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.),Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Loon (Gavia spp.),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2017,2019,"Butendiek OWF, Helgoland Cluster OWFs",Unspecified,0-4 years,10-40m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Loons (Gavia spp.),Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study of OWF effects on birds abundance and distribution before and after construction - using empirical data from datasets
Primary,"Floeter, J., van Beusekom, J.E., Auch, D., Callies, U., Carpenter, J., Dudeck, T., Eberle, S., Eckhardt, A., Gloe, D., Hänselmann, K. and Hufnagl, M., 2017. Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 156, pp.154-173.",Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic zooplankton and fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2010-2014,2017,GT1 & BARD,Foundations,2 years,40m,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Water column,Operation of windfarm,Increased vertical mixing ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations on pelagic zooplankton and fish
Primary,"Ten Brink, T.S. and Dalton, T., 2018. Perceptions of commercial and recreational fishers on the potential ecological impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US). Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, p.439.",Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US),Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishers commercial and recreational ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2010-2014,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Turbines,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Fish ,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"A perception study of the impact of OWF on perceptions of changes inperceptions of changes in
the marine ecology
the marine ecology"
Primary,"Ten Brink, T.S. and Dalton, T., 2018. Perceptions of commercial and recreational fishers on the potential ecological impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US). Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, p.439.",Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US),Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishers commercial and recreational ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Turbines,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Fishermen (commercial),Operation of windfarm,Negative acceptance of new OWF ,Negative public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","A perception study of the impact of OWF on perceptions of changes inperceptions of changes in
the marine ecology
the marine ecology"
Primary,"Ten Brink, T.S. and Dalton, T., 2018. Perceptions of commercial and recreational fishers on the potential ecological impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US). Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, p.439.",Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US),Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishers commercial and recreational ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2017,2018,Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF),Turbines,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Fishermen (recreational),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","A perception study of the impact of OWF on perceptions of changes inperceptions of changes in
the marine ecology
the marine ecology"
Primary,"Hooper, T., Ashley, M. and Austen, M., 2015. Perceptions of fishers and developers on the co-location of offshore wind farms and decapod fisheries in the UK. Marine Policy, 61, pp.16-22.",Perceptions of fishers and developers on the co-location of offshore wind farms and decapod fisheries in the UK,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fishers and OWF developers,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2017,2015,Unspecified,Turbines ,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Fishermen ,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive acceptance of new OWF ,Inconclusive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Perceptions of fishers and developers on the co-location of offshore wind farms and decapod fisheries in the UK
Primary,"Guillemette, M. and Larsen, J.K., (2002). Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: the case of sea ducks and wind parks. Ecological Applications, 12(3), pp.868-877.",Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: The case of sea ducks and wind parks,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eiders (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2013,2002,Tunø Knob (TK) Wind Park,"Whole structure, turbine",0-2 years,3-5m (depth); 40.5m (height),Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study of common eiders abundance and behaviour at an OWF
Primary,"Ladenburg, J. and Dubgaard, A., (2009). Preferences of coastal zone user groups regarding the siting of offshore wind farms. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(5), pp.233-242.",Preferences of coastal zone user groups regarding the siting of offshore wind farms,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Recreational visitors, boat users and anglers ",Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,1995-1997,2009,Horns Rev and Nysted,Whole wind farm area,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Local residents,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,WTP for locating OWF at different distances from the coast
Primary,"Kim, J.H., Nam, J. and Yoo, S.H., 2020. Public acceptance of a large-scale offshore wind power project in South Korea. Marine Policy, 120, p.104141.",Public acceptance of a large-scale offshore wind power project in South Korea,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,South Korea Citizens (1000 people),Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,Unspecified,2020,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Pacific,Yellow Sea,South Korea,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Public acceptance of OWF developments in South Korea
Primary,"Voltaire, L. and Koutchade, O.P., 2020. Public acceptance of and heterogeneity in behavioral beach trip responses to offshore wind farm development in Catalonia (Spain). Resource and Energy Economics, 60, p.101152.",Public acceptance of and heterogeneity in behavioral beach trip responses to offshore wind farm development in Catalonia (Spain),Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Residents and tourists of Catalonia,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2019,2020,Unspecified,Turbines ,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,Mediterranean Sea,Spain,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Four potential OWF scenarios with different degrees of visual impact. Assesses willininess to pay to visit area.
Primary,"Firestone, J., Kempton, W. and Krueger, A., 2009. Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA. Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, 12(2), pp.183-202.",Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,USA citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2012,2009,Cape Cod,Turbines,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",General publics concerns of hypothetical OWF weighted across several ecosystem services . Delaware
Primary,"Firestone, J., Kempton, W. and Krueger, A., 2009. Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA. Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, 12(2), pp.183-202.",Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,USA citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2005,2009,Cape Cod,Turbines,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Negative acceptance of new OWF ,Negative public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",General publics concerns of hypothetical OWF weighted across several ecosystem services . Cape cod
Primary,"Firestone, J., Kempton, W. and Krueger, A., 2009. Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA. Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology, 12(2), pp.183-202.",Public acceptance of offshore wind power projects in the USA,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,USA citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2005,2009,Cape Cod,Turbines,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Tourists,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on seascape ,Positive impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,General publics concerns of hypothetical OWF weighted across several ecosystem services . Delaware
Primary,"Firestone, J. and Kempton, W., 2007. Public opinion about large offshore wind power: Underlying factors. Energy policy, 35(3), pp.1584-1598.",Public opinion about large offshore wind power: under lying factors.,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,USA Citizens ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2005,2007,Cape Cod,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General Public,Operation of windfarm,Negative acceptance of new OWF ,Negative public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Public percived impacts of the Cape Cod OWF several ES effects includig aesthetic
Primary,"Nichifor, M.A., 2016. Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands. Management & Marketing, 11(3), p.532.",Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Dutch and Romanian citizens ,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2005,2016,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,"Romania, The Netherlands",UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands. Dutch 
Primary,"Nichifor, M.A., 2016. Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands. Management & Marketing, 11(3), p.532.",Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Dutch and Romanian citizens ,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2015-2016,2016,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,"Romania, The Netherlands",UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Public reactions towards wind energy instalments. Case study: Romania and the Netherlands. Romanian
Primary,"Coates, D.A., Van Hoey, G., Colson, L., Vincx, M. and Vanaverbeke, J., 2015. Rapid macrobenthic recovery after dredging activities in an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.3-18.",Rapid macrobenthic recovery after dredging activities in an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macrofauna,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2015-2016,2015,Unspecified,Gravity-based foundations,0-4 years,22m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on community composition,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study including long term (1980-2012) and short term (2005-2010) monitoring of macroafauna on Thorton bank and Goote Bank, to access the mpact of the preparation and construction of OWF foundations  (in 2008). Both site comparison and C/I studies were overtime. Considered Goote bank only as a reference area (so site comparison), but actual control locations assessed in 2005-2010 as C/I."
Primary,"Coates, D.A., Van Hoey, G., Colson, L., Vincx, M. and Vanaverbeke, J., 2015. Rapid macrobenthic recovery after dredging activities in an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.3-18.",Rapid macrobenthic recovery after dredging activities in an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macrofauna,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),1980-2012,2015,Unspecified,Gravity-based foundations,0-4 years,22m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,No impact on invert community composition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study including long term (1980-2012) and short term (2005-2010) monitoring of macroafauna on Thorton bank and Goote Bank, to access the mpact of the preparation and construction of OWF foundations  (in 2008). Both site comparison and C/I studies were overtime. Considered Goote bank only as a reference area (so site comparison), but actual control locations assessed in 2005-2010 as C/I."
Primary,"Hooper, T., Hattam, C. and Austen, M., 2017. Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK. Marine Policy, 78, pp.55-60.",Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Sea anglers,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),1980-2012,2017,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Whole Structure ,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Fishermen (recreational),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fishing ,No impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Anglers’ responses to statements about the potential positive and negative aspects of OWF
Primary,"Hooper, T., Hattam, C. and Austen, M., 2017. Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK. Marine Policy, 78, pp.55-60.",Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Sea anglers,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2012,2017,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Whole Structure ,Hypothetical,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Fishermen (recreational),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Anglers’ responses to statements about the potential positive and negative aspects of OWF
Primary,"Pearce, B., Fariñas-Franco, J.M., Wilson, C., Pitts, J., deBurgh, A. and Somerfield, P.J., 2014. Repeated mapping of reefs constructed by Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart 1849 at an offshore wind farm site. Continental Shelf Research, 83, pp.3-13.",Repeated mapping of reefs constructed by Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart 1849 at an offshore wind farm site,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Sabellaria spinulosa,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2012,2014,Thanet OWF,Foundations,0-18 months,15-27m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on community structure ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,An assessment of extent of S. spinulosa before and after OWF construction
Primary,"Gonyo, S.B., Fleming, C.S., Freitag, A. and Goedeke, T.L., 2021. Resident perceptions of local offshore wind energy development: Modeling efforts to improve participatory processes. Energy Policy, 149, p.112068.",Resident perceptions of local offshore wind energy development: Modeling efforts to improve participatory processes,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,North and South Carolina citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2007-2012,2021,Unspecified,Whole wind farm area,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Awareness and support for new OWF from residents away from the coast i.e. inland 
Primary,"Skov, H. and Thomsen, F., 2008. Resolving fine-scale spatio-temporal dynamics in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, pp.173-186.",Resolving fine-scale spatio-temporal dynamics in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2018,2008,Horns Rev 1 OWF,Wind farm,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on avoidance behaviour,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study modelling the distribution of Harbour porpoises in the North Sea, in relation to an OWF. Correlative. "
Primary,"Skov, H. and Thomsen, F., 2008. Resolving fine-scale spatio-temporal dynamics in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, pp.173-186.",Resolving fine-scale spatio-temporal dynamics in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2002-2005,2011,Horns Rev II,Foundations,0-1 year,20-25 m,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pile driving impact on harbour porpoise during offshore windfarm construction
Primary,"Brandt, M.J., Diederichs, A., Betke, K. and Nehls, G., 2011. Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 421, pp.205-216.",Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008,2017,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Monopile foundations,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study looking at effects of construction and operation of an OWF on habour porpoises and guillemot abundances and distributions
Primary,"Vallejo, G.C., Grellier, K., Nelson, E.J., McGregor, R.M., Canning, S.J., Caryl, F.M. and McLean, N., 2017. Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm. Ecology and Evolution, 7(21), pp.8698-8708.",Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2012,2017,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study looking at effects of construction and operation of an OWF on habour porpoises and guillemot abundances and distributions
Primary,"Vallejo, G.C., Grellier, K., Nelson, E.J., McGregor, R.M., Canning, S.J., Caryl, F.M. and McLean, N., 2017. Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm. Ecology and Evolution, 7(21), pp.8698-8708.",Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2012,2017,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study looking at effects of construction and operation of an OWF on habour porpoises and guillemot abundances and distributions
Primary,"Vallejo, G.C., Grellier, K., Nelson, E.J., McGregor, R.M., Canning, S.J., Caryl, F.M. and McLean, N., 2017. Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm. Ecology and Evolution, 7(21), pp.8698-8708.",Responses of two marine top predators to an offshore wind farm,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2012,2017,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study looking at effects of construction and operation of an OWF on habour porpoises and guillemot abundances and distributions
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2012,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Razorbill (Alca torda),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Northern fulmar,Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Great skua,Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Little gull,Construction of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus,Construction of windfarm,Attraction to OWFs ,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Verstraete, H. and Stienen, E.W., 2015. Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 756(1), pp.51-61.",Seabird avoidance and attraction at an offshore wind farm in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Razorbill (Alca torda), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), Herring gull (Larus argentatus), Common gull (Larus canus), Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2015,Bligh Bank OWF,Turbines,0-3 years,20-37m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Herring gull,Construction of windfarm,Attraction to OWFs ,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study based on empirical data of seabird avoidance, attraction, abundance (all based on count data) at an OWF. Data available for only 5 of the species."
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All benthos,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2013,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Monopiles (sediments between),<6 months,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Sole,Operation of windfarm,Increase in fish adundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Whiting,Operation of windfarm,Increase in fish adundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Striped red mullet,Operation of windfarm,Increase in fish adundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,Increase in fish adundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Pelagic,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,a few months ,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Lesser weaver,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in fish adundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2003 and 2007,2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2.5 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Porpoises,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on foraging behaviour ,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Local birds, seabirds, and flying birds",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Common scoters,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Local birds, seabirds, and flying birds",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Local birds, seabirds, and flying birds",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Guillemots,Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Local birds, seabirds, and flying birds",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Razorbill (Alca torda),Operation of windfarm,"No consistent avoidance of, or attraction to OWFs (barrier effect)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Local birds, seabirds, and flying birds",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2011,Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ),Waters around the OWF,6 months - 2 years,17-21m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Gulls,Operation of windfarm,Attraction to OWFs ,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"This paper is a compilation of studies on the ecological effects of an OWF on birds, mammals, fish, benthic invertebrates, and invertebrates growing on hard structures. Authors present the methods, and describe the results, b t no data extractable. They do provide the references to potentially what are the full studies (but unsure). "
Primary,"Lindeboom, H.J., Kouwenhoven, H.J., Bergman, M.J.N., Bouma, S., Brasseur, S.M.J.M., Daan, R., Fijn, R.C., De Haan, D., Dirksen, S., Van Hal, R. and Lambers, R.H.R., 2011. Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), p.035101.",Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All macrobenthic epi and infauna,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,"2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009",2016,Bligh Bank OWF,Whole farm,0-3 years,15-40m,Atlantic,North Sea,Belgium,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,A BACI study of the effects of fishery exclusion around an OWF on the macrobenthos
Primary,"Coates, D.A.; Kapasakali, D-A.; Vincx, M.; Vanaverbeke, J. 2016. Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research.",Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Bay of Saint-Brieuc citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2012,2016,Unspecified,Whole structure,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,France,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Stakeholder attitudes toward offshore wind energy.
Primary,"Kermagoret, C., Levrel, H., Carlier, A. and Ponsero, A., 2016. Stakeholder perceptions of offshore wind power: A fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Society & Natural Resources, 29(8), pp.916-931.",Stakeholder Perceptions of Offshore Wind Power: A Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Approach,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Bay of Saint-Brieuc citizens,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Participatory mapping,Unspecified,2020,Unspecified,Whole structure,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,France,UK_Europe,Local residents,Operation of windfarm,Negative acceptance of new OWF ,Negative public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Negative impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",Stakeholder attitudes toward offshore wind energy.
Primary,"Wright, S.R., Lynam, C.P., Righton, D.A., Metcalfe, J., Hunter, E., Riley, A., Garcia, L., Posen, P. and Hyder, K., 2020. Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(3), pp.1206-1218.",Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Cod (Gadus morhua), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa),
and thornback ray (Raja clavata)",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Participatory mapping,Unspecified,2020,Unspecified,Unspecified - all OWF structures in the North Sea,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, North Sea countries",UK_Europe,Cod,Operation of windfarm,Postive impact on habitat quality,Positive impact on habitat condition,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Study based on empirical data from tagged fish - recorded abundance of Atlantic cod, European plaice, thornback ray relative to artificial structures. They incorporated temperature, depth, and substrate into the models, but data not provided."
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mercker, M., & Garthe, S. (2020). Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season. Marine Biology, 167(8), 1-13.",Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common guillemots (Uria aalge),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,1993-2010,2020,Unspecified,Turbines,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany,UK_Europe,Guillemots ,Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,A telemetry and GPS study of common guillemot hebaviour and habitat use in the viscinity of OWFs
Primary,"Parsons, G., Firestone, J., Yan, L. and Toussaint, J., 2020. The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data. Energy Policy, 144, p.111659.",The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach visitors,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016; 2017,2020,Unspecified,Whole wind farm area,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impacts on seascape ,Inconclusive impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Parsons, G., Firestone, J., Yan, L. and Toussaint, J., 2020. The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data. Energy Policy, 144, p.111659.",The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach visitors,Social or cultural,"Frequency, duration or rates of visits (e.g. recreation or tourism)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2015,2020,Unspecified,Wind farm,Hypothetical ,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Increase in visits to windfarms,Positive impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Parsons, G., Firestone, J., Yan, L. and Toussaint, J., 2020. The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data. Energy Policy, 144, p.111659.",The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach visitors,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2015,2010,Unspecified,Whole Structure,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Beach visitors,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Likelihood of visiting a beach with OWF 
Primary,"Lilley, M.B., Firestone, J. and Kempton, W., 2010. The effect of wind power installations on coastal tourism. Energies, 3(1), pp.1-22.",The effect of wind power installations on coastal tourism.,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach visitors,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2007,2010,Unspecified,Whole Structure,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Recreational boaters,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on use of seascape,Positive impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Likelihood of visiting a beach with OWF 
Primary,"Roach, M., Cohen, M., Forster, R., Revill, A.S. and Johnson, M., 2018. The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(4), pp.1416-1426.",The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Lobster,Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2007,2018,Westernmost Rough Offshore wind farm,n/a,0-1 year,15-23m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,European lobster (Homarus gammarus),Operation of windfarm,No impact on fishing ,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Comparison of size distribution and abundance (CPUE) of lobster before and after construction of wind turbines.
Primary,"Roach, M., Cohen, M., Forster, R., Revill, A.S. and Johnson, M., 2018. The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(4), pp.1416-1426.",The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish,Ecological or community,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013; 2015,2006,"Yttre Stengrund, Utgrunden","Turbines monopiles, and seabed surrouding",2-3 years,6-8m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden,UK_Europe,Fish,Operation of windfarm,Increase in diversity,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study comparing the fish assemblage and the benthos (sediment, algae, mussels) between two OWFs, and between reference areas, with increasing distance to the monopiles."
Primary,"Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. and Öhman, M.C., 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63(5), pp.775-784.",The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2003,2006,"Yttre Stengrund, Utgrunden","Turbines monopiles, and seabed surrouding",2-3 years,6-8m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden,UK_Europe,Fish,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study comparing the fish assemblage and the benthos (sediment, algae, mussels) between two OWFs, and between reference areas, with increasing distance to the monopiles."
Primary,"Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. and Öhman, M.C., 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63(5), pp.775-784.",The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,"Benthos, sessile organisms (red algae (lumped into one category, consisting mainly of Polysiphonia fucoides and Rhodomela confervoides) and blue mussels (M. trossulus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2003,2006,"Yttre Stengrund, Utgrunden","Turbines monopiles, and seabed surrouding",2-3 years,6-8m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study comparing the fish assemblage and the benthos (sediment, algae, mussels) between two OWFs, and between reference areas, with increasing distance to the monopiles."
Primary,"Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. and Öhman, M.C., 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63(5), pp.775-784.",The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,"Benthos, sessile organisms (red algae (lumped into one category, consisting mainly of Polysiphonia fucoides and Rhodomela confervoides) and blue mussels (M. trossulus))",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2003,2006,"Yttre Stengrund, Utgrunden","Turbines monopiles, and seabed surrouding",2-3 years,6-8m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden,UK_Europe,Shellfish (M edulis),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Study comparing the fish assemblage and the benthos (sediment, algae, mussels) between two OWFs, and between reference areas, with increasing distance to the monopiles."
Primary,"Slavik, K., Lemmen, C., Zhang, W., Kerimoglu, O., Klingbeil, K. and Wirtz, K.W., 2019. The large-scale impact of offshore wind farm structures on pelagic primary productivity in the southern North Sea. Hydrobiologia, 845(1), pp.35-53.",The large-scale impact of offshore wind farm structures on pelagic primary productivity in the southern North Sea,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Algae,Net primary productivity/Mytilus edulis (blue mussel),Physical or Chemical,"Biochemistry (chl-a, nutrients, metals…)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2003-2013,2019,Unspecified,Turbines,Unspecified,2-70m,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK , Belgium,Netherlands, Germany and Denmark",UK_Europe,Shellfish (M edulis),Operation of windfarm,Increased filtration,Positive impact on waste remediation,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Impact of blue mussels on primary productivity in North Sea -comparison modelling study with and without mussels on OWF turbine structures 
Primary,"Gudding, P., Kipperberg, G., Bond, C., Cullen, K. and Steltzer, E., 2018. When a Good Is a Bad (or a Bad Is a Good)—Analysis of Data from an Ambiguous Nonmarket Valuation Setting. Sustainability, 10(1), p.208.",When a good is a bad (or a bad is a good)-Analysis of data from an ambiguous nonmarket valuation setting,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,USA citizens ,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2005-2006,2018,Cape Cod,Turbines,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Public willingness to pay  to avoid living next to a proposed (but hypothetical) wind farm
Primary,"Firestone, J., Bidwell, D., Gardner, M. and Knapp, L., 2018. Wind in the sails or choppy seas?: People-place relations, aesthetics and public support for the United States’ first offshore wind project. Energy research & social science, 40, pp.232-243.","Wind in the sails or choppy seas?: People-place relations, aesthetics and public support for the United States’ first offshore wind project",Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Local residents,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2016,2018,Rhode Island and Block Island OWF,Turbines,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,General public,Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020","Do different constructs of place OWF—attachment, identity, and dependency—play different roles in support and opposition"
Primary,"Brandt, M.J., Diederichs, A., Betke, K. and Nehls, G., 2011. Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 421, pp.205-216.",Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2008,2011,Horns Rev II ,Monopile foundations,0-1 year,20-25m,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O.D. and Teilmann, J., 2006. Impacts of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises: acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-PODs). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 321, pp.295-308.",Impacts of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises: acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-PODs). ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2003,2006,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,"Concrete foundations, wind turbines",0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Underwater noise,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Thompson, P.M., Lusseau, D., Barton, T., Simmons, D., Rusin, J. and Bailey, H., 2010. Assessing the responses of coastal cetaceans to the construction of offshore wind turbines. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(8), pp.1200-1208.",Assessing the responses of coastal cetaceans to the construction of offshore wind turbines. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Dolphins,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,"Concrete foundations, wind turbines",0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Dolphins,Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on population,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Thompson, P.M., Lusseau, D., Barton, T., Simmons, D., Rusin, J. and Bailey, H., 2010. Assessing the responses of coastal cetaceans to the construction of offshore wind turbines. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(8), pp.1200-1208.",Assessing the responses of coastal cetaceans to the construction of offshore wind turbines.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Porpoises,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2006,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,"Concrete foundations, wind turbines",0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Porpoises,Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on population,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Skeate, E.R., Perrow, M.R. and Gilroy, J.J., 2012. Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals. Marine pollution bulletin, 64(4), pp.872-881.",Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2002-2006,2012,Scroby Sands offshore wind farm,Monopiles and turbines,0-2 years,31m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Skeate, E.R., Perrow, M.R. and Gilroy, J.J., 2012. Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals. Marine pollution bulletin, 64(4), pp.872-881.",Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2002-2007,2012,Scroby Sands offshore wind farm,Monopiles and turbines,0-2 years,31m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Construction of windfarm,Increase in abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Perrow, M.R., Gilroy, J.J., Skeate, E.R. and Tomlinson, M.L., 2011. Effects of the construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on the prey base of Little tern Sternula albifrons at its most important UK colony. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(8), pp.1661-1670.",Effects of the construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on the prey base of Little tern Sternula albifrons at its most important UK colony. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Little Terns (Sternula albifrons) ,Species or biological,"Predation, Herbivory, or Diet composition",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2002-2008,2011,Scroby Sands offshore wind farm,Monopiles and turbines,0-2 years,31m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Little Terns (Sternula albifrons) ,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in fishing success of Little Terns,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Perrow, M.R., Gilroy, J.J., Skeate, E.R. and Tomlinson, M.L., 2011. Effects of the construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on the prey base of Little tern Sternula albifrons at its most important UK colony. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(8), pp.1661-1670.",Effects of the construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on the prey base of Little tern Sternula albifrons at its most important UK colony. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Prey of Little Terns (mainly herring Clupea harengus),Species or biological,"Predation, Herbivory, or Diet composition",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2002-2009,2011,Scroby Sands offshore wind farm,Monopiles and turbines,0-2 years,31m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Prey of Little Terns (mainly herring Clupea harengus),Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on abundance,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Mussel (Mytilus spp),Ecological or community,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Whole Structure,7 years,7-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Mussel (Mytilus spp),Construction of windfarm,Increase in abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Whole Structure,7 years,7-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines ,Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on community structure,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on seabed ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Whole Structure,7 years,7-9m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on seabed ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on community structure,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Silt-clay fraction,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Silt-clay fraction,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality for sandeels in short term,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Silt-clay fraction,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Silt-clay fraction,Operation of windfarm,No impact on habitat quality for sandeels in the long term,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Atalah, J., J. Fitch, et al. 2013. ""Diversity of demersal and megafaunal assemblages inhabiting sandbanks of the Irish Sea."" Marine Biodiversity 43(2): 121-132.",Diversity of demersal and megafaunal assemblages inhabiting sandbanks of the Irish Sea.,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and megafauna (>2cm) ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2007,2013,Unspecified,Whole farm,Unspecified,30m,Atlantic,North Sea,Ireland,UK_Europe,Demersal fish and megafauna (>2cm) ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Atalah, J., J. Fitch, et al. 2013. ""Diversity of demersal and megafaunal assemblages inhabiting sandbanks of the Irish Sea."" Marine Biodiversity 43(2): 121-132.",Diversity of demersal and megafaunal assemblages inhabiting sandbanks of the Irish Sea.,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Demersal fish and megafauna (>2cm) ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2007,2013,Unspecified,Whole farm,Unspecified,30m,Atlantic,North Sea,Ireland,UK_Europe,Demersal fish and megafauna (>2cm) ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Scheidat, M., J. Tougaard, et al. 2011. ""Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and wind farms: a case study in the Dutch North Sea."" Environmental Research Letters 6(2).",Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and wind farms: a case study in the Dutch North Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003-2009,2011,Egmond aan Zee,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,30m,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Operation of windfarm,Increase in population,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Teilmann, J. and J. Carstensen. 2012. ""Negative long term effects on harbour porpoises from a large scale offshore wind farm in the Baltic-evidence of slow recovery."" Environmental Research Letters 7(4).",Negative long term effects on harbour porpoises from a large scale offshore wind farm in the Baltic-evidence of slow recovery. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2001-2012,2012,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,0-9 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Operation of windfarm,Decrease in echolocation in area,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Busch, M., A. Kannen, et al. 2013. ""Consequences of a cumulative perspective on marine environmental impacts: Offshore wind farming and seabirds at North Sea scale in context of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive."" Ocean & Coastal Management 71: 213-224.",Consequences of a cumulative perspective on marine environmental impacts: Offshore wind farming and seabirds at North Sea scale in context of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red and black throated divers, lesser black backed gull, northern gannet",Ecological or community,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),not stated,2013,Unspecified - North Sea,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,"Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, UK",UK_Europe,"Red and black throated divers, lesser black backed gull, northern gannet",Operation of windfarm,Decrease in species distribution,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Desholm, M. and Kahlert, J., 2005. Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm. Biology letters, 1(3), pp.296-298.",Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Birds,"Migrating waterbirds, mainly common eider (Somateria mollissima) and geese",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),not stated,2005,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Whole farm,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,"Migrating waterbirds, mainly common eider (Somateria mollissima) and geese",Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on birds migratory patterns,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Guillemette, M. and Larsen, J.K., (2002). Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: the case of sea ducks and wind parks. Ecological Applications, 12(3), pp.868-877.",Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: The case of sea ducks and wind parks.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),1996-1997,2002,Tunø  Knob  offshore  wind  park,Whole wind farm area,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Guillemette, M. and Larsen, J.K., (2002). Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: the case of sea ducks and wind parks. Ecological Applications, 12(3), pp.868-877.",Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: The case of sea ducks and wind parks.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),1996-1997,2002,Tunø  Knob  offshore  wind  park,Whole wind farm area,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Guillemette, M. and Larsen, J.K., (2002). Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: the case of sea ducks and wind parks. Ecological Applications, 12(3), pp.868-877.",Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: The case of sea ducks and wind parks.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),1996-1997,2002,Tunø  Knob  offshore  wind  park,Whole wind farm area,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Guillemette, M. and Larsen, J.K., (2002). Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: the case of sea ducks and wind parks. Ecological Applications, 12(3), pp.868-877.",Postdevelopment experiments to detect anthropogenic disturbances: The case of sea ducks and wind parks.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,After only study (multiple time points/succession),1996-1997,2002,Tunø  Knob  offshore  wind  park,Whole wind farm area,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Masden, E.A., Haydon, D.T., Fox, A.D., Furness, R.W., Bullman, R. and Desholm, M., (2009). Barriers to movement: impacts of wind farms on migrating birds. ICES Journal of marine Science, 66(4), pp.746-753",Barriers to movement: impacts of wind farms on migrating birds.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2000-2005,2009,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Whole farm,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common eider (Somateria mollissima),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on migatory effects,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Plonczkier, P. and I. C. Simms (2012). ""Radar monitoring of migrating pink-footed geese: behavioural responses to offshore wind farm development."" Journal of Applied Ecology 49(5): 1187-1194.",Radar monitoring of migrating pink-footed geese: behavioural responses to offshore wind farm development. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2007-2010,2012,LID Wind farms,Whole farm,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on migatory effects,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Unspecified,Two wind turbines,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo),Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Unspecified,Two wind turbines,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Unspecified,Two wind turbines,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rothery, P., I. Newton, et al. (2009). Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England. Bird Study 56: 1-14.",Observations of seabirds at offshore wind turbines near Blyth in northeast England.,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Birds,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull, Black-headed Gull, Blacklegged Kittiwake, Common Eider, Common Scoter, Gannet)",Ecological or community,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,1998-2003,2009,Unspecified,Two wind turbines,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seabirds (mainly Herring Gull, Black-headed Gull, Blacklegged Kittiwake, Common Eider, Common Scoter, Gannet)",Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea.,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish,Ecological or community,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Seven wind turbines,7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Fish,Construction of windfarm,Increase in abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Two-spotted goby (Gobiusculus flavescens),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Seven wind turbines,7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Two-spotted goby (Gobiusculus flavescens),Construction of windfarm,Increase in abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Black spotted goby (G. niger),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Seven wind turbines,7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Black spotted goby (G. niger),Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea.,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish assemblage on turbines,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Seven wind turbines,7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Fish assemblage on turbines,Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on community structure,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman (2010). ""Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea."" Marine and Freshwater Research 61(6): 642-650.",Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea.,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish assemblage on seabed around turbines,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2007,2010,Utgrunden wind farm,Seven wind turbines,7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Fish assemblage on seabed around turbines,Construction of windfarm,No impact on community structure,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Hyperoplus lanceolatus (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Hyperoplus lanceolatus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance in the short term,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of materials,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Hyperoplus lanceolatus (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Hyperoplus lanceolatus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance in the long term,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of materials,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Ammodytes marinus  (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Ammodytes marinus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance in the short term,No impact on biomass for the provision of materials,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Ammodytes marinus  (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Ammodytes marinus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance in the long term,No impact on biomass for the provision of materials,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Ammodytes tobianus (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Ammodytes marinus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance in the short term,No impact on biomass for the provision of materials,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"van Deurs, M., T. M. Grome, et al. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series 458: 169-180.",Short- and long-term effects of an offshore wind farm on three species of sandeel and their sand habitat.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Ammodytes tobianus (sandeel),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2012,Horn Rev I,Whole farm,0-7 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Ammodytes marinus (sandeel),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance in the long term,No impact on biomass for the provision of materials,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ladenburg, J. and Dubgaard, A., (2009). Preferences of coastal zone user groups regarding the siting of offshore wind farms. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(5), pp.233-242.",Preferences of coastal zone user groups regarding the siting of offshore wind farms.,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,General public,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,unsure,2009,Unspecified,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impacts on seascape,Inconclusive impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Kastelein RA, van Heerden D, Gransier R, Hoek L. 2013. Behavioral responses of a
harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to playbacks of broadband pile driving
sounds. Marine Environmental Research 92:206–14.",Behavioral responses of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to playbacks of broadband pile driving sounds. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),not stated,2013,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,The Netherlands,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on population,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Edrén, S.M. Andersen, J. Teilmann, J. Carstensen, P.B. Harders, R. Dietz, et al.
The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior
Mar Mamm Sci, 26 (3) (2010), pp. 614-634",The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001-2004,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Waters around the OWF,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Edrén, S.M. Andersen, J. Teilmann, J. Carstensen, P.B. Harders, R. Dietz, et al.
The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior
Mar Mamm Sci, 26 (3) (2010), pp. 614-634",The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Marine mammals,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001-2004,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Waters around the OWF,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Vandendriessche, J. Derweduwen, K. Hostens. (2014). Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages
Hydrobiol, 756: 19-35.",Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2005-2013,2014,C-Power,Whole wind farm area,0-3  years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Vandendriessche, J. Derweduwen, K. Hostens. (2014). Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages
Hydrobiol, 756: 19-35.",Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2005-2013,2014,C-Power,Whole wind farm area,0-3  years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"L.J. Bolle, C.A. De Jong, S.M. Bierman, P.J. Van Beek, O.A. Van Keeken, P.W. Wessels, et al.
Common sole larvae survive high levels of pile-driving sound in controlled exposure experiments
PLoS One, 7 (3) (2012), p. e33052",Common sole larvae survive high levels of pile-driving sound in controlled exposure experiments,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Common sole (Solea solea) ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2005-2013,2012,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Common sole (Solea solea) ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.",Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Social or cultural,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2011,2013,Various habitats North Sea,Windmill artificial reefs (WARs),n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in catch per unit effort ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.",Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Social or cultural,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2009-2011,2013,Various habitats North Sea,Windmill artificial reefs (WARs),n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Newton I, Little B. Assessment of wind‐farm and other bird casualties from
carcasses found on a Northumbrian beach over an 11‐year period. Bird Stud
2009;56(2):158–67.",Assessment of wind‐farm and other bird casualties from carcasses found on a Northumbrian beach over an 11‐year period. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Birds,Birds,Ecological or community,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),1991-2002,2009,Unspecified,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Edrén, S.M. Andersen, J. Teilmann, J. Carstensen, P.B. Harders, R. Dietz, et al.
The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior
Mar Mamm Sci, 26 (3) (2010), pp. 614-634",The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001-2004,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Waters around the OWF,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Underwater noise,No impact on population,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Edrén, S.M. Andersen, J. Teilmann, J. Carstensen, P.B. Harders, R. Dietz, et al.
The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior
Mar Mamm Sci, 26 (3) (2010), pp. 614-634",The effect of a large Danish offshore wind farm on harbor and gray seal haul‐out behavior,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001-2004,2010,Nysted Offshore Wind Farm,Waters around the OWF,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Underwater noise,No impact on population,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Koschinski, B.M. Culik, O.D. Henriksen, N. Tregenza, G. Ellis, C. Jansen, et al.
Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator
Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 265 (2003), pp. 263-273",Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001,2003,Unspecified,n/a,n/a,n/a,Pacific,North East Pacific ,Canada,Global,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Underwater noise,Inconclusive impact on population,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Koschinski, B.M. Culik, O.D. Henriksen, N. Tregenza, G. Ellis, C. Jansen, et al.
Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator
Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 265 (2003), pp. 263-273",Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2001,2003,Unspecified,n/a,n/a,n/a,Pacific,North East Pacific ,Canada,Global,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Underwater noise,Inconclusive impact on population,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Russell, D.J., Brasseur, S.M., Thompson, D., Hastie, G.D., Janik, V.M., Aarts, G., McClintock, B.T., Matthiopoulos, J., Moss, S.E. and McConnell, B., 2014. Marine mammals trace anthropogenic structures at sea. Current Biology, 24(14), pp.R638-R639.",Marine mammals trace anthropogenic structures at sea.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2009-2012,2014,"Alpha Ventus,Germany / Sheringham Shoal, UK",Whole farm,1-2 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,"Germany, the Netherlands,  UK",UK_Europe,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Underwater noise,No impact on foraging behaviour ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Russell, D.J., Brasseur, S.M., Thompson, D., Hastie, G.D., Janik, V.M., Aarts, G., McClintock, B.T., Matthiopoulos, J., Moss, S.E. and McConnell, B., 2014. Marine mammals trace anthropogenic structures at sea. Current Biology, 24(14), pp.R638-R639.",Marine mammals trace anthropogenic structures at sea.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2009-2012,2014,"Alpha Ventus,Germany / Sheringham Shoal, UK",Whole farm ,1-2 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,"Germany, the Netherlands,  UK",UK_Europe,Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) ,Underwater noise,No impact on foraging behaviour ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Westerberg, H., & Lagenfelt, I. (2008). Sub‐sea power cables and the migration behaviour of the European eel. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 15(5‐6), 369-375.",Sub‐sea power cables and the migration behaviour of the European eel. ,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourists ,Social or cultural,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2006,2008,n/a,Sub-sea cable,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ladenburg, J., (2010). Attitudes towards offshore wind farms—The role of beach visits on attitude and demographic and attitude relations. Energy Policy, 38(3), pp.1297-1304",Attitudes towards offshore wind farms-The role of beach visits on attitude and demographic and attitude relations,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Beach visitors,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2006,2010,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Beach visitors,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on seascape ,Positive impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,Å. Waldo. 2012. Offshore wind power in Sweden—A qualitative analysis of attitudes with particular focus on opponents. Energy Policy 41: 692-702. ,Offshore wind power in Sweden—A qualitative analysis of attitudes with particular focus on opponents,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,General public,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2007,2012,Lillgrund wind farm / Utgrunden II,Whole farm,0 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Devine-Wright, P. and Howes, Y., 2010. Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(3), pp.271-280",Disruption to place attachment and the protection of restorative environments: A wind energy case study,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,General public,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2008,2010,Gwynt y Mor,Whole farm,0 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"K. Gee, B. Burkhard. 2010. Cultural ecosystem services in the context of offshore wind farming: a case study from the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Ecological Complexity 7 (3):349-358.",Cultural ecosystem services in the context of offshore wind farming: a case study from the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,General public,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2005,2010,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ladenburg, J. and Dubgaard, A., 2007. Willingness to pay for reduced visual disamenities from offshore wind farms in Denmark. Energy Policy, 35(8), pp.4059-4071.",Willingness to pay for reduced visual disamenities from offshore wind farms in Denmark. ,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,General public,Social or cultural,"Willingness to pay, travel time-cost estimate, or other related metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2004,2007,n/a,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,General public,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impacts on seascape ,Inconclusive impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wilhelmsson, D. and Malm, T., 2008. Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 79(3), pp.459-466.",Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003,2008,Utgrunden / Uttre Stengrund,"Turbines, monopiles and seabed surrounding",2-3 years,10 m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on community structure,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wilhelmsson, D. and Malm, T., 2008. Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 79(3), pp.459-466.",Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003,2008,Utgrunden / Uttre Stengrund,"Turbines, monopiles and seabed surrounding",2-3 years,10 m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Bergström, L., Sundqvist, F. and Bergström, U., 2013. Effects of an offshore wind farm on temporal and spatial patterns in the demersal fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 485, pp.199-210.",Effects of an offshore wind farm on temporal and spatial patterns in the demersal fish community.,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2010,2013,Lillgrund wind farm  ,Whole wind farm area,0-3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on fish abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Vandendriessche, J. Derweduwen, K. Hostens. (2014). Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages
Hydrobiol, 756: 19-35.",Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2005-2013,2014,Belwind wind farms,Whole wind farm area,0-3  years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Fish assemblage around turbine foundations ,Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Vandendriessche, J. Derweduwen, K. Hostens. (2014). Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages
Hydrobiol, 756: 19-35.",Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2005-2013,2014,Belwind wind farms,Whole wind farm area,0-3  years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Increase in epibenthic biomass ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Coates, D.A.; Kapasakali, D-A.; Vincx, M.; Vanaverbeke, J. 2016. Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research.",Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2008-2012,2016,Bligh Bank offshore wind farm,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Increase in macrobenthic abundance and biomass ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"I. De Mesel, F. Kerckhof, A. Norro, B. Rumes, S. Degraer. 2015. Succession and seasonal dynamics of the epifauna community on offshore wind farm foundations and their role as stepping stones for non-indigenous species. Hydrobiologia 756:37-50.",Succession and seasonal dynamics of the epifauna community on offshore wind farm foundations and their role as stepping stones for non-indigenous species,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2008-2012,2015,Thorntonbank,Gravity-based foundations,0-4 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Positive impact on community structure ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"I. De Mesel, F. Kerckhof, A. Norro, B. Rumes, S. Degraer. 2015. Succession and seasonal dynamics of the epifauna community on offshore wind farm foundations and their role as stepping stones for non-indigenous species. Hydrobiologia 756:37-50.",Succession and seasonal dynamics of the epifauna community on offshore wind farm foundations and their role as stepping stones for non-indigenous species,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2008-2012,2015,Thorntonbank,Gravity-based foundations,0-4 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"B. Pearce, J.M. Fariñas-Franco, C. Wilson, J. Pitts, P.J. Somerfield. 2014. Repeated mapping of reefs constructed by Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart 1849 at an offshore wind farm site
Cont Shelf Res, 83 (2014), pp. 3-13",Repeated mapping of reefs constructed by Sabellaria spinulosa Leuckart 1849 at an offshore wind farm site,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2012,2014,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Sea bed within the wind farm,0-2 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Positive impact on community structure ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"F. Kerckhof, B. Rumes, T. Jacques, S. Degraer, A. Norro. (2010). Early development of the subtidal marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea): first monitoring results. Underw Technol, 29 (3)\; 137-149",Early development of the subtidal marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea): first monitoring results,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2009-2010,2010,Thorntonbank,Concrete foundations ,0-2 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sessile assemblage on turbines & surrounding seabed.,Construction of windfarm,Increase in macrobenthic abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens JT, Degraer S, Vincx M. (2011). Aggregation and feeding behaviour of pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at wind turbines in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fish Res 108(1):223–7.",Aggregation and feeding behaviour of pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at wind turbines in the Belgian part of the North Sea.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2009,2011,Thorntonbank,Wind turbine foundations,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance and biomass ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.", Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2009-2011,2013,Thorntonbank,Wind turbine foundations,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M. (2013). Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Fisheries Research, 139, pp.28-34.", Aggregation at windmill artificial reefs: CPUE of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at different habitats in the Belgian part of the North Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2009-2011,2013,Thorntonbank,Wind turbine foundations,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Pouting (Trisopterus luscus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens, J.T., De Rijcke, M., Degraer, S. and Vincx, M., (2014). Diel variation in feeding and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod at offshore wind farms. Journal of Sea Research, 85, pp.214-221.",Diel variation in feeding and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod at offshore wind farms. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2011,2014,Thorntonbank,Gravity-based foundations,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Operation of windfarm,Increase in sheltering juveniles,Positive impact on life cycle maintenance – maintaining nursery habitats,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Reubens JT, Pasotti F, Degraer S, Vincx M. (2013). Residency, site fidelity and habitat use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) at an offshore wind farm using acoustic telemetry. Mar Environ Res;90:128–35.","Residency, site fidelity and habitat use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) at an offshore wind farm using acoustic telemetry.",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2011,2013,C-Power wind farm,Wind turbines,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua),Operation of windfarm,No impact on condition ,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,MEA,0
Primary,"H. Janßen, C.B. Augustin, H.H. Hinrichsen, S. Kube. 2013. Impact of secondary hard substrate on the distribution and abundance of Aurelia aurita in the western Baltic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 75: (1-2): 224-234.",Impact of secondary hard substrate on the distribution and abundance of Aurelia aurita in the western Baltic Sea,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2009-2010,2013,n/a,settlement plates,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Denmark, Germany and Poland",UK_Europe,Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita),Operation of windfarm,Increased non native species abundance ,Negative impact on pest and disease control ,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Baeye, M., & Fettweis, M. (2015). In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea. Geo-Marine Letters, 35(4), 247-255.","In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea. ",Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2010,2015,Belwind I offshore wind farm,Monopile foundations,0-1 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on sediment loss via plumes,Negative impact on mediation of flows - mass flows – mass stabilisation,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Bochert, R., & Zettler, M. L. (2004). Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 25(7), 498-502.",Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Invertebrates ,Ecological or community,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003,2004,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Invertebrates ,Electromagnetic fields,No impact on community condition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Bochert, R., & Zettler, M. L. (2004). Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 25(7), 498-502.",Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Blue mussel Mytilus edulis,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003,2004,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Blue mussel Mytilus edulis,Electromagnetic fields,No impact on community condition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Bochert, R., & Zettler, M. L. (2004). Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 25(7), 498-502.",Long‐term exposure of several marine benthic animals to static magnetic fields. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Flounder (Plathichthys flesus),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2003,2004,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Flounder Plathichthys flesus,Electromagnetic fields,No impact on community condition,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"De Borger, E., Ivanov, E., Capet, A., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Grégoire, M., & Soetaert, K. (2021). Offshore windfarm footprint of sediment organic matter mineralization processes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 667.",Offshore windfarm footprint of sediment organic matter mineralization processes. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2021,Modelling study,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on carbon storage rates,Positive impact on climate regulation,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"De Borger, E., Ivanov, E., Capet, A., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J., Grégoire, M., & Soetaert, K. (2021). Offshore windfarm footprint of sediment organic matter mineralization processes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 667.",Offshore windfarm footprint of sediment organic matter mineralization processes. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2021,Modelling study,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on denitrificaion rates,Positive impact on nutrient cycling,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,0
Primary,"Brandt, M. J., Dragon, A. C., Diederichs, A., Bellmann, M. A., Wahl, V., Piper, W., ... & Nehls, G. (2018). Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 596, 213-232.",Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2010-2013,2018,Six wind farms,Monopile foundations,0 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Christie, E., Li, M., & Moulinec, C. (2012). Comparison of 2d and 3d large scale morphological modeling of offshore wind farms using HPC. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 33.",Comparison of 2d and 3d large scale morphological modeling of offshore wind farms using HPC.,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2012,"Burbo Bank, North Hoyle and Rhyl Flats,",Whole wind farm area,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on sediment loss via plumes,Negative impact on mediation of flows - mass flows – mass stabilisation,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Dähne, M., Gilles, A., Lucke, K., Peschko, V., Adler, S., Krügel, K., ... & Siebert, U. (2013). Effects of pile-driving on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the first offshore wind farm in Germany. Environmental Research Letters, 8(2), 025002.",Effects of pile-driving on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the first offshore wind farm in Germany.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2008-2010,2013,Alpha Ventus,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Dalton, T., Weir, M., Calianos, A., D'Aversa, N., & Livermore, J. (2020). Recreational boaters’ preferences for boating trips associated with offshore wind farms in US waters. Marine Policy, 122, 104216.",Recreational boaters’ preferences for boating trips associated with offshore wind farms in US waters.,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Recreational boaters,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Survey/questionnaire ,2017-2018,2020,Unspecified,Whole wind farm area,unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Recreational boaters,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Garthe, S., Markones, N., & Corman, A. M. (2017). Possible impacts of offshore wind farms on seabirds: a pilot study in Northern Gannets in the southern North Sea. Journal of Ornithology, 158(1), 345-349.",Possible impacts of offshore wind farms on seabirds: a pilot study in Northern Gannets in the southern North Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2005-2015,2017,Unspecified,Whole wind farm area,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Graham, I. M., Merchant, N. D., Farcas, A., Barton, T. R., Cheney, B., Bono, S., & Thompson, P. M. (2019). Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time. Royal Society open science, 6(6), 190335.",Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2017,2019,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Foundations,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Griffin, R. A., Robinson, G. J., West, A., Gloyne-Phillips, I. T., & Unsworth, R. K. (2016). Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. PLoS One, 11(3), e0149701.",Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,European lobster (Homarus gammarus),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2014,2016,Walney Offshore wind farms,Whole wind farm area,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,European lobster (Homarus gammarus),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Griffin, R. A., Robinson, G. J., West, A., Gloyne-Phillips, I. T., & Unsworth, R. K. (2016). Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. PLoS One, 11(3), e0149701.",Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Catshark - two species (Scyliorhinus spp.),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2014,2016,Walney Offshore wind farms,Whole wind farm area,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Catshark - two species (Scyliorhinus spp.),Operation of windfarm,Increase in abundance ,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Griffin, R. A., Robinson, G. J., West, A., Gloyne-Phillips, I. T., & Unsworth, R. K. (2016). Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. PLoS One, 11(3), e0149701.",Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Norwegian lobster,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2014,2016,Walney Offshore wind farms,Whole wind farm area,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Norwegian lobster,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,MEA,0
Primary,"Griffin, R. A., Robinson, G. J., West, A., Gloyne-Phillips, I. T., & Unsworth, R. K. (2016). Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. PLoS One, 11(3), e0149701.",Assessing fish and motile fauna around offshore windfarms using stereo baited video. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Angular crab ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2014,2016,Walney Offshore wind farms,Whole wind farm area,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Angular crab ,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in abundance ,Negative impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,MEA,0
Primary,"Heinänen, S., Žydelis, R., Kleinschmidt, B., Dorsch, M., Burger, C., Morkūnas, J., ... & Nehls, G. (2020). Satellite telemetry and digital aerial surveys show strong displacement of red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) from offshore wind farms. Marine Environmental Research, 160, 104989.",Satellite telemetry and digital aerial surveys show strong displacement of red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) from offshore wind farms.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated divers (Gavia stellata),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2015-2017,2020,"Butendiek, DanTysk, Sandbank windfarms",Whole wind farm area,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Red-throated divers (Gavia stellata),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Hutchison, Z. L., Gill, A. B., Sigray, P., He, H., & King, J. W. (2020). Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-15.",Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,American lobster,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2016,2020,Laboratory experiment,HVDC transmission cable,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,American lobster,Electromagnetic fields,Negative impact on behavioural responses,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Hutchison, Z. L., Gill, A. B., Sigray, P., He, H., & King, J. W. (2020). Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-15.",Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Little skate,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2016,2020,Laboratory experiment,HVDC transmission cable,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Little skate,Electromagnetic fields,Negative impact on behavioural responses,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ivanov, E., Capet, A., De Borger, E., Degraer, S., Delhez,  E.J.M., Soetaert, K., Vanaverbeke, J., Gregoire, M. (2021) Offshore Wind Farm Footprint on Organic and Mineral Particle Flux to the Bottom",Offshore Wind Farm Footprint on Organic and Mineral Particle Flux to the Bottom,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2021,Modelling study,Unspecified,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on carbon storage rates,Positive impact on carbon sequestration and storage,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Jacobson, M. Z., Archer, C. L., & Kempton, W. (2014). Taming hurricanes with arrays of offshore wind turbines. Nature climate change, 4(3), 195-200.",Taming hurricanes with arrays of offshore wind turbines. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Air_sea interface,Air–sea interface,Physical or Chemical,Meteorological outcomes,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2014,Modelling study,Whole wind farm area,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico,USA,Global,Air–sea interface,Operation of windfarm,Postive reduction in hurricane wind speeds,Positive impact on regulation of extreme events (storm and flood),Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Jacobson, M. Z., Archer, C. L., & Kempton, W. (2014). Taming hurricanes with arrays of offshore wind turbines. Nature climate change, 4(3), 195-200.",Taming hurricanes with arrays of offshore wind turbines. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Air_sea interface,Air–sea interface,Physical or Chemical,Meteorological outcomes,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),not stated,2014,Modelling study,Whole wind farm area,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico,USA,Global,Air–sea interface,Operation of windfarm,Postive reduction in storm surge,Positive impact on regulation of extreme events (storm and flood),Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Jakubowska, M., Urban-Malinga, B., Otremba, Z., & Andrulewicz, E. (2019). Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. Marine environmental research, 150, 104766.",Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Polychaete (Hediste diversicolor),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2017-2018,2019,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Poland,UK_Europe,Polychaete (Hediste diversicolor),Electromagnetic fields,Negative impact on invert community condition,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Kilfoyle, A. K., Jermain, R. F., Dhanak, M. R., Huston, J. P., & Spieler, R. E. (2018). Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish. Bioelectromagnetics, 39(1), 35-52.",Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Reef fish ,Ecological or community,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2014-2015,2018,Research facility,Sub-sea cable,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Reef fish ,Electromagnetic fields,No impact on behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Kilfoyle, A. K., Jermain, R. F., Dhanak, M. R., Huston, J. P., & Spieler, R. E. (2018). Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish. Bioelectromagnetics, 39(1), 35-52.",Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish. ,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Reef fish ,Ecological or community,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2014-2015,2018,Research facility,Sub-sea cable,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Reef fish ,Electromagnetic fields,No impact on community abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Gall, B. L., Graham, I. M., Merchant, N. D., & Thompson, P. M. (2021). Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 735.",Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2017-2019,2021,Beatrice and Moray East wind farms,Foundations,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Gall, B. L., Graham, I. M., Merchant, N. D., & Thompson, P. M. (2021). Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 735.",Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2017-2019,2021,Beatrice and Moray East wind farms,Foundations,0-1 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Vessel traffic,Decrease in population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Love, M. S., Nishimoto, M. M., Clark, S., McCrea, M., & Bull, A. S. (2017). Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests. Continental Shelf Research, 151, 23-29.",Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2015,2017,Unspecified,Submarine cable,Unspecified,suface or slightly buried,Pacific ,North Pacific,USA,Global,Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister),Electromagnetic fields,No impact on invert community behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Love, M. S., Nishimoto, M. M., Clark, S., McCrea, M., & Bull, A. S. (2017). Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests. Continental Shelf Research, 151, 23-29.",Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Red rock crab (Cancer productus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2016,2017,Unspecified,Submarine cable,Unspecified,suface or slightly buried,Pacific ,North Pacific,USA,Global,Red rock crab (Cancer productus),Electromagnetic fields,No impact on invert community behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Vanaverbeke, J., & Braeckman, U. (2020). Organic matter assimilation by hard substrate fauna in an offshore wind farm area: a pulse-chase study. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(7-8), 2681-2693.",Organic matter assimilation by hard substrate fauna in an offshore wind farm area: a pulse-chase study.,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Shellfish and macroinvertebrates,Ecological or community,"Biochemistry (chl-a, nutrients, metals…)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,No comparator,2017-2018,2020,C-Power Offshore wind farm,Wind farm,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea ,Belgium,UK_Europe,Shellfish and macroinvertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on carbon storage rates,Positive impact on carbon sequestration and storage,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Pan, Y., Yan, C., & Archer, C. L. (2018). Precipitation reduction during Hurricane Harvey with simulated offshore wind farms. Environmental Research Letters, 13(8), 084007.",Precipitation reduction during Hurricane Harvey with simulated offshore wind farms,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Air_sea interface,Air–sea interface,Physical or Chemical,Meteorological outcomes,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2018,Unspecified,Wind farm,n/a,Unspecified,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico,USA,Global,Air–sea interface,Operation of windfarm,Postive reduction in hurricane precipitation,Positive impact on regulation of extreme events (storm and flood),Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Pan, Y., Yan, C., & Archer, C. L. (2018). Precipitation reduction during Hurricane Harvey with simulated offshore wind farms. Environmental Research Letters, 13(8), 084007.",Precipitation reduction during Hurricane Harvey with simulated offshore wind farms,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Air_sea interface,Air–sea interface,Physical or Chemical,Meteorological outcomes,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2018,Unspecified,Wind farm,n/a,Unspecified,Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico,USA,Global,Air–sea interface,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on precipitation onshore,Inconclusive impact on climate regulation,Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Peschko, V., Mercker, M., & Garthe, S. (2020). Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season. Marine Biology, 167(8), 1-13.",Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2016-2017,2020,Egmond aan Zee,Wind farm,Unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Common guillemot (Uria aalge),Operation of windfarm,"Avoidance of 
OWFs (barrier effect)","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Pollock, C. J., Lane, J. V., Buckingham, L., Garthe, S., Jeavons, R., Furness, R. W., & Hamer, K. C. (2021). Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 105457.",Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2018-2020,2021,"Five wind farms, southern North Sea",Wind farm,unspecified,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK,Germany,Belgium",UK_Europe,Northern gannet (Morus bassanus),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on avoidance behaviour,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Scott, K., Harsanyi, P., Easton, B. A., Piper, A. J., Rochas, C., & Lyndon, A. R. (2021). Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(7), 776.","Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Edible crab (Cancer pagurus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2019,2021,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Edible crab (Cancer pagurus),Electromagnetic fields,Negative impact on invert community condition,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Siddagangaiah, S., Chen, C. F., Hu, W. C., & Pieretti, N. (2021). Impact of pile‐driving and offshore windfarm operational noise on fish chorusing. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation.",Impact of pile‐driving and offshore windfarm operational noise on fish chorusing. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Fish,Ecological or community,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2016-2018,2021,Formosa 1 off-shore windfarm,Whole wind farm area,0-2 years,unspecified,Pacific,East China Sea,Taiwan,Global,Fish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fish behaviour,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Siedersleben, S. K., Lundquist, J. K., Platis, A., Bange, J., Bärfuss, K., Lampert, A., ... & Emeis, S. (2018). Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations. Environmental Research Letters, 13(12), 124012.",Micrometeorological impacts of offshore wind farms as seen in observations and simulations. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Air_sea interface,Air–sea interface,Physical or Chemical,Meteorological outcomes,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017,2018,Modelling study,Whole wind farm area,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Air–sea interface,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on precipitation onshore,Inconclusive impact on climate regulation,Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Smythe, T., Bidwell, D., & Tyler, G. (2021). Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience. Marine Policy, 127, 104440.",Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience. ,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishermen (recreational),Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2018-2019,2021,Block Island Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,2-3 years,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Fishermen (recreational),Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Smythe, T., Bidwell, D., & Tyler, G. (2021). Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience. Marine Policy, 127, 104440.",Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience. ,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Fishermen (recreational),Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Interviews,2018-2019,2021,Block Island Wind Farm,Whole wind farm area,2-3 years,n/a,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,USA,Global,Fishermen (recreational),Operation of windfarm,Positive acceptance of new OWF ,Positive public acceptance of offshore wind power project,Positive impact on Cultural services,"Hooper et al., 2020",0
Primary,"Stelzenmüller, V., Gimpel, A., Haslob, H., Letschert, J., Berkenhagen, J., & Brüning, S. (2021). Sustainable co-location solutions for offshore wind farms and fisheries need to account for socio-ecological trade-offs. Science of The Total Environment, 776, 145918.",Sustainable co-location solutions for offshore wind farms and fisheries need to account for socio-ecological trade-offs. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Brown crab,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2021,Meerwind Süd/Ost wind farm,Whole wind farm area,4 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Germany ,UK_Europe,Brown crab,Operation of windfarm,Increase in catch per unit effort ,Positive impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,Positive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,0
Primary,"Taormina, B., Di Poi, C., Agnalt, A. L., Carlier, A., Desroy, N., Escobar-Lux, R. H., ... & Durif, C. M. (2020). Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus). Aquatic Toxicology, 220, 105401.",Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus).,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,European lobster (Homarus gammarus),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2018,2020,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,France,UK_Europe,European lobster (Homarus gammarus),Electromagnetic fields,No impact on invert community behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Thompson, P. M., Graham, I. M., Cheney, B., Barton, T. R., Farcas, A., & Merchant, N. D. (2020). Balancing risks of injury and disturbance to marine mammals when pile driving at offshore windfarms. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 1(2), e12034.",Balancing risks of injury and disturbance to marine mammals when pile driving at offshore windfarms. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2017,2020,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Monopile foundations,0-1 years,unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on avoidance behaviour,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Vanhellemont, Q., & Ruddick, K. (2014). Turbid wakes associated with offshore wind turbines observed with Landsat 8. Remote Sensing of Environment, 145, 105-115.",Turbid wakes associated with offshore wind turbines observed with Landsat 8. ,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2014,"Four wind farms, southern North Sea",Whole wind farm area,Unspecified,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on sediment loss via plumes,Negative impact on mediation of flows - mass flows – mass stabilisation,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise  (Phocoena phocoena),Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Auks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Auks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Black-legged kittiwake,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Black-legged kittiwake,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Cormorants,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Cormorants,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Northern fulmar,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Northern fulmar,Construction of windfarm,Positive impact on avoidance behaviour,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Virgili, A., Laran, S., Authier, M., Doremus, G., Van Canneyt, O., & Spitz, J. (2020). Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. bioRxiv.",Prospective modelling of operational offshore windfarms on the distribution of marine megafauna in the southern North Sea. ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Northern gannet,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017-2018,2020,Thanet and Thorntonbank wind farms,Whole wind farm area,7-8 years,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,"UK, France, Belgium",UK_Europe,Northern gannet,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wang, T., Zou, X., Li, B., Yao, Y., Li, J., Hui, H., ... & Wang, C. (2018). Microplastics in a wind farm area: A case study at the Rudong Offshore Wind Farm, Yellow Sea, China. Marine pollution bulletin, 128, 466-474.","Microplastics in a wind farm area: A case study at the Rudong Offshore Wind Farm, Yellow Sea, China.",Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016,2018,Rudong Offshore wind farm,Sea bed within the wind farm,4-6 years,n/a,Pacific,Yellow Sea,China,Global,Sediment ,Operation of windfarm,Decrease in microplastics in sediment in OWF,Positive impact on waste remediation,Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Westerberg, H., & Lagenfelt, I. (2008). Sub‐sea power cables and the migration behaviour of the European eel. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 15(5‐6), 369-375.",Sub‐sea power cables and the migration behaviour of the European eel. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"European eel, (Anguilla anguilla)",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2006,2008,n/a,Sub-sea cables,Unspecified,0 m,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,"European eel, (Anguilla anguilla)",Electromagnetic fields,Inconclusive behavioural impact ,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Flatfish,Ecological or community,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2012-2016,2018,Block Island wind farm,Whole wind farm area,0-1 years,unspecified,Pacific ,North Pacific,USA,Global,Flatfish,Construction of windfarm,No impact on community behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wilber, D. H., Carey, D. A., & Griffin, M. (2018). Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. Journal of Sea Research, 139, 24-32.",Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm. ,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Flatfish,Ecological or community,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2012-2016,2018,Block Island wind farm,Whole wind farm area,0-1 years,unspecified,Pacific ,North Pacific,USA,Global,Flatfish,Construction of windfarm,No impact on community abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Wyman, M. T., Klimley, A. P., Battleson, R. D., Agosta, T. V., Chapman, E. D., Haverkamp, P. J., ... & Kavet, R. (2018). Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable. Marine Biology, 165(8), 1-15.",Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable.,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,Salmonids,Ecological or community,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),na,2018,Unspecified,HVDC transmission cable,Unspecified,unspecified,Pacific ,North Pacific,USA,Global,Salmonids,Operation of windfarm,No impact on community behaviour,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ahlén, I., Baagøe, H. J., & Bach, L. (2009). Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(6), 1318-1323.",Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Bats,Bats,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2008,2009,Unspecified,Wind turbines,Unspecified,unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Denmark, Sweeden ",UK_Europe,Bats,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on populations ,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rydell, J., & Wickman, A. (2015). Bat activity at a small wind turbine in the Baltic Sea. Acta Chiropterologica, 17(2), 359-364.",Bat activity at a small wind turbine in the Baltic Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Bats,Bats,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2015, Bockstigen Wind Park,Whole wind farm area,15 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Bats,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on populations ,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Ahlén, I., Baagøe, H. J., & Bach, L. (2009). Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(6), 1318-1323.",Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Bats,Bats,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2008,2009,Unspecified,Wind turbines,Unspecified,unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,"Denmark, Sweeden ",UK_Europe,Bats,Operation of windfarm,Postive attraction to OWF,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Rydell, J., & Wickman, A. (2015). Bat activity at a small wind turbine in the Baltic Sea. Acta Chiropterologica, 17(2), 359-364.",Bat activity at a small wind turbine in the Baltic Sea. ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Bats,Bats,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2015, Bockstigen Wind Park,Whole wind farm area,15 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,Baltic Sea,Sweden ,UK_Europe,Bats,Operation of windfarm,Postive attraction to OWF,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Pine, M. K., Jeffs, A. G., & Radford, C. A. (2012). Turbine sound may influence the metamorphosis behaviour of estuarine crab megalopae. PLoS One, 7(12), e51790.",Turbine sound may influence the metamorphosis behaviour of estuarine crab megalopae.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Crabs Austrohelice crassa ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2012,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Crabs Austrohelice crassa ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on invert community behaviour/lifecycle,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Primary,"Pine, M. K., Jeffs, A. G., & Radford, C. A. (2012). Turbine sound may influence the metamorphosis behaviour of estuarine crab megalopae. PLoS One, 7(12), e51790.",Turbine sound may influence the metamorphosis behaviour of estuarine crab megalopae.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Crabs Hemigrapsus crenulatus,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Laboratory experiment,Control-impact or inside-outside study,2011-2012,2012,Laboratory experiment,n/a,n/a,n/a,Atlantic,North Sea,Denmark,UK_Europe,Crabs Hemigrapsus crenulatus,Underwater noise,Negative impact on invert community behaviour/lifecycle,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,0
Grey,Peritus International Ltd. 2022. Scour and Cable Protection Decommissioning Study. NECR403. Natural England.,Scour and Cable Protection Decommissioning Study,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2022,2022,General,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Scour and cable protection removal,Negative impact on seabed habitats and benthic communities,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Desk-based assessment of different methods of scour and cable protection removal. Impacts to seabed habitats and benthic communities recognised, ranging from minimal, to short-term, to long-term damage"
Grey,EGS International Ltd. (2014). Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014. 200p.,Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Site comparison study (reference site or comparable site),2014,2014,Lincs Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,10-15m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,No impact on sedimentation,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of benthic sediment (particle size analysis). Method also included underwater photography.. No significant change to sedimentation
Grey,EGS International Ltd. (2014). Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014. 200p.,Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macro-invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014,2014,Lincs Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,10-15m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on benthic community composition,Inconclusive impact on biodiversity,Inconclusive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic macro-invertebrate community. . Dissimilarities in community composition between previous and current surveys i.e. Mytilus edulis and Spirobranchus sp. were completely absent in 2014 while key species previously
Grey,EGS International Ltd. (2014). Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014. 200p.,Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macro-invertebrates,Species or biological,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014,2014,Lincs Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,10-15m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on species diversity,Positive impact on biodiversity,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic macro-invertebrate community. . Species diversity initially decreased then increased to the current survey
Grey,EGS International Ltd. (2014). Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014. 200p.,Lincs Offshore Windfarm Post Construction Benthic Survey 2014,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Macro-invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014,2014,Lincs Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,10-15m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Macro-invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on species diversity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment. Method also included underwater photography.. Abundance decreased post construction (mostly down to disappearance of M. Edulis mussel bed) and levelled to current survey 
Grey,Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies University of Hull (2013). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Landfall: Intertidal and Phase 1 Biotope Survey 2013. 46p. ,Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Landfall: Intertidal and Phase 1 Biotope Survey 2012,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Intertidal biotopes,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2014,Dogger Bank Teeside offshore windfarm,Cables,N/A,1.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK & other,UK_Europe,Intertidal biotopes,Operation of windfarm,No impact on sediment,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of intertidal biotopes. Sediment likely to recover quickly from any impact from development
Grey,Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies University of Hull (2013). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Landfall: Intertidal and Phase 1 Biotope Survey 2013. 46p. ,Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Landfall: Intertidal and Phase 1 Biotope Survey 2012,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2014,Dogger Bank Teeside offshore windfarm,Cables,N/A,1.5m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK & other,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,No impact on benthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of intertidal biotopes. Benthic organisms likely to recover quickly from any effects of development
Grey,"GoBe Consultants Ltd (2015). Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report, 67p.",Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Bathymetry and scour,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013-2014,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Fixed,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Bathymetry and scour,Operation of windfarm,No impact on bathymetry and scour effects,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of bathymetry and scour. No change to bathymetry and scour effects
Grey,"GoBe Consultants Ltd (2015). Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report, 67p.",Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013-2014,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Fixed,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of benthic assemblage. Increase in abundance from baseline survey 
Grey,"GoBe Consultants Ltd (2015). Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report, 67p.",Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013-2014,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Fixed,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on species diversity,Positive impact on biodiversity,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic assemblage. Increase in species richness from baseline survey
Grey,"GoBe Consultants Ltd (2015). Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report, 67p.",Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Fixed,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Operational noise. Barrier effect - sound pressure levels for fish and marine mammals were found to have increased but generally not exceeding 50 dBht, except for harbour porpoise and striped dolphin for which dBht levels were found to be below 75 dBht. However, the levels remain well below the levels that could be expected to cause disturbance."
Grey,"GoBe Consultants Ltd (2015). Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report, 67p.",Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project: Post-construction Year1 - Marine Licence Environmental Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Fixed,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals ,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Operational noise. Barrier effect - sound pressure levels for fish and marine mammals were found to have increased but generally not exceeding 50 dBht, except for harbour porpoise and striped dolphin for which dBht levels were found to be below 75 dBht. However, the levels remain well below the levels that could be expected to cause disturbance."
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report. 52p.,Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sediment,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Cables,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic habitat and invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on sediment,Inconclusive impact on regulation of baseline flows,Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. No clear outcome (sediment finer than baseline survey)
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report. 52p.,Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Cables,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. Increase in abundance from baseline survey 
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report. 52p.,Gunfleet Sands Demonstration Project Year 1 Post Construction Export Cable Monitoring Report,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2015,Gunfleet Sands 3 Demonstration Project,Cables,1-2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on species richness,Positive impact on biodiversity,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. Increase in species richness from baseline survey
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm. 20p.,Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"modelling assessment of the propagation of underwater noise during impact piling operations, comparing difference between 6.5M and 7M piles. Model for the revised 7.0m monopile suggest that marine species may suffer a lethal effect out to a range of 5m, and that physical injury could potentially occur out to a maximum range of 66m. There is a negligible change in range for an increase from 6.5m to 7.0m monopile foundation."
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm. 20p.,Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"modelling assessment of the propagation of underwater noise during impact piling operations, comparing difference between 6.5M and 7M piles. Model for the revised 7.0m monopile suggest that marine species may suffer a lethal effect out to a range of 5m, and that physical injury could potentially occur out to a maximum range of 66m. There is a negligible change in range for an increase from 6.5m to 7.0m monopile foundation."
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm. 20p.,Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,Negative impact on behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"modelling assessment of the propagation of underwater noise during impact piling operations, comparing difference between 6.5M and 7M piles. Largest behavioural impact ranges are predicted for harbour seal and herring. Difference between impact ranges of 6.5 and 7.0M pile is very small, increasing slightly for herring and decreasing slightly for harbour seal with negligable change for sandeel."
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm. 20p.,Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Herring,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring,Underwater noise,Negative impact on behaviour,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"modelling assessment of the propagation of underwater noise during impact piling operations, comparing difference between 6.5M and 7M piles. Largest behavioural impact ranges are predicted for harbour seal and herring. Difference between impact ranges of 6.5 and 7.0M pile is very small, increasing slightly for herring and decreasing slightly for harbour seal with negligable change for sandeel."
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm. 20p.,Modelling of Noise during Impact Piling Operations at Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Sandeel,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandeel,Underwater noise,No impact on behaviour,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"modelling assessment of the propagation of underwater noise during impact piling operations, comparing difference between 6.5M and 7M piles. Largest behavioural impact ranges are predicted for harbour seal and herring. Difference between impact ranges of 6.5 and 7.0M pile is very small, increasing slightly for herring and decreasing slightly for harbour seal with negligable change for sandeel."
Grey,MacArthur Green Ltd (2019). Review of Ornithology Constraints for Offshore Wind Leasing in Areas 3 (Yorkshire Coast) and 4 (The Wash). Report to the Crown Estate. 59p.,Review of ornithology constraints for Offshore Wind Leasing in Areas 3 and 4,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (9 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,Offshore windfarms on Yorkshire coast and The Wash,Fixed,0-13 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (9 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of environmental statements to determine impacts on collisions, displacement, barrier effects, migration, breeding and foraging of several species considered at greatest threat.. Varied evidence of impacts on collisions, displacement, barrier effects, migration, breeding and foraging of several species."
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,unspecified,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,unspecified,Operation of windfarm,No impact on seabed,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Environmental Impact Assessment - assessing worst case scenarios for each stage of development. No significant impact on all receptors
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Environmental Impact Assessment - assessing worst case scenarios for each stage of development. No significant impact on water quality
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Environmental Impact Assessment - assessing worst case scenarios for each stage of development. No significant impact on water quality
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Environmental Impact Assessment - assessing worst case scenarios for each stage of development. No significant impact on water quality
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on benthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. No significant impact on benthic organisms
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on benthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. No significant impact on benthic organisms
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epibenthic fauna,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Epibenthic fauna,Operation of windfarm,No impact on epibenthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. No significant impact on epibenthic organisms
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Epibenthic fauna,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Epibenthic fauna,Operation of windfarm,No impact on epibenthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Survey of benthic sediment and infaunal community. No significant impact on epibenthic organisms
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,"No Impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Potential for injury and disturbance during construction from noise was assessed.  . Insignificant impact 
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,"No Impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Potential for injury and disturbance during construction from noise was assessed.  . Insignificant impact 
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Operation of windfarm,No Impact on behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Potential for impacts from vessel movements and EMFs during construction was assessed.  . Insignificant impact 
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Operation of windfarm,No Impact on behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Potential for impacts from vessel movements and EMFs during operation was assessed.  . Insignificant impact 
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential EMFs from cable laying and effects on invertebrates  . No impact of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) expected for invertebrates
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Electro-sensitive fish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Electro-sensitive fish,Electromagnetic fields,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of potential EMFs from cable laying and effects on fish . Some fish species (sharks, skates and rays) could be affected; however any impacts would be of minor significance and would only occur very close to the cables."
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Commercial fish species,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fish species,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on fish, eggs or larvae from suspended sediment","Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Survey of fish species in area of proposed cabling routes. Construction would result in short-term increases in both suspended sediments and noise in the area during construction, which could affect commercial fish landed and their eggs and larvae (plaice, sprat, sole, cod, mackerel). Minimal impact on fish predicted, with mitigation."
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on disturbance and/or displacement effects,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Survey of birds and assessment of potential impacts. Minor to moderate (but tolerable) impacts from disturbance and displacement during the operation period. No effective mitigation possible. 
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Lesser black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,No impact on breeding,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Survey of birds and assessment of potential impacts. Negligable impact on breeding of birds or on integrity of the SPA due to collisions mortality.
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of impact on commercial fisheries - loss of area due to construction and decommissioning, and also operation.. Minor significance from loss of fishing area "
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of impact on commercial fisheries - loss of area due to construction and decommissioning, and also operation.. Minor significance from loss of fishing area "
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of impact on commercial fisheries - loss of area due to construction and decommissioning, and also operation.. Minor significance from loss of fishing area "
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Construction of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of impact on archaeology and cultural heritage. No significant impacts to archaeological or cultural value during construction or decommissioning, with mitigation measures."
Grey,East Anglia Offshore Windfarm Ltd. (2012). East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary. 54p.,East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm Non Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of impact on archaeology and cultural heritage. No significant impacts to archaeological or cultural value during construction or decommissioning, with mitigation measures."
Grey,Fugro Emu Ltd. (2013). Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey. 104p.,Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Benthic habitat,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2013,Sheringham Shoal Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic habitat,Operation of windfarm,No impact on particle size,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Post construction monitoring benthic grab sampling survey. No significant changes to particle size occurred between the 2009 pre-construction and the 2012 post-construction surveys
Grey,Fugro Emu Ltd. (2013). Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey. 104p.,Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2013,Sheringham Shoal Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on abundance,"Inconclusive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Inconclusive impact on Regulating services,CICES,Post construction monitoring benthic grab sampling survey. Increase in abundance (but not statistically significant) 
Grey,Fugro Emu Ltd. (2013). Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey. 104p.,Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Diversity (H, J, Δ, richness, genetic)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2013,Sheringham Shoal Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on diversity,Inconclusive impact on biodiversity,Inconclusive impact on Supporting services,MEA,Post construction monitoring benthic grab sampling survey. Increase in species diversity (but not statistically significant)
Grey,Fugro Emu Ltd. (2013). Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey. 104p.,Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Sabellaria spinulosa reef,Ecological or community,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2013,2013,Sheringham Shoal Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sabellaria spinulosa reef,Operation of windfarm,No impact on sabellaria reefs,No impact on habitat quality/condition,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Post construction monitoring benthic video survey. No change to preconstruction survey. No reefs evident (only thin crusts)
Grey,Fugro Emu Ltd. (2013). Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey. 104p.,Sheringham Shoal Post Construction Survey,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,sediment scour,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2009 & 2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,sediment scour,Cable installation,Negative impact on scour and accretion effects,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential sediment scour and/or accretion effects caused by turbine foundations and cables "
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Construction of windfarm,No impact on geology and seabed features,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. No significant impact predicted on geology, bathymetry and seabed features from offshore development"
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Operation of windfarm,No impact on geology and seabed features,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. No significant impact predicted on geology, bathymetry and seabed features from offshore development"
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on geology and seabed features,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. No significant impact predicted on geology, bathymetry and seabed features from offshore development"
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on suspended sediment,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Minor significant impact predicted on concentrations of suspended sediment arising from offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on suspended sediment,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Minor significant impact predicted on concentrations of suspended sediment arising from offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Coastline,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2010,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Coastline,Operation of windfarm,No impact on coastline and sediment movement,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable impact predicted on coastline and sediment movement arising from offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2012,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Minor impact on seabed organisims from habitat loss and disruption caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2012,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to moderate significance of impact on loss of habitat (seabed) caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish (except herring),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish (except herring),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on fish species from subsea noise caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Herring (spawning),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring (spawning),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Major significance of impact on fish species from subsea noise caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on feeding habitat,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on fish species from disturbance to feeding habitat caused by construction and decommissioning of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on feeding habitat,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on fish species from disturbance to feeding habitat caused by construction and decommissioning of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on feeding habitat,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on fish species from disturbance caused by operation of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on mammals from subsea noise and increased vessel traffic caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on mammals from subsea noise and increased vessel traffic caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on basking sharks from subsea noise and increased vessel traffic caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on basking sharks from subsea noise and increased vessel traffic caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,No impact from collision risk or displacement,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable significance of impact on birds from collision risk and displacement caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2013,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,No impact from collision risk or displacement,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. No significance of impact on birds from collision risk and displacement caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries (towed gears),Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries (towed gears),Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on commercial fisheries caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries (static gears),Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries (static gears),Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Moderate significance of impact on commercial fisheries caused by construction of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor significance of impact on commercial fisheries caused by operation of offshore development
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on tourism,Negative impact on physical and experiential interactions with natural environment ,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Negligable to minor impact on tourism  
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Minor significance to impacts on sites of archaeological interest.  
Grey,Celtic Array (2014). Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document. 25p.,Round 3 Irish Sea Zone Rhiannon Wind Farm. Stage 2 Community Consultation Document,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Pre- EIA baseline surveys and data collection to inform potential impacts. Minor significance to impacts on sites of archaeological interest.  
Grey,"John Ford Environmental Consultancy Ltd (2015). Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report, March 2014 - April 2015. 58p.",Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"puffins, little gull, kittiwake and razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014-2015,2015,Westernmost Rough Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"puffins, little gull, kittiwake and razorbill",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Measure of abundance of birds in OWF area. Negative impact on puffins, little gull, kittiwake and razorbill"
Grey,"John Ford Environmental Consultancy Ltd (2015). Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report, March 2014 - April 2015. 58p.",Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Herring gull  ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014-2015,2015,Westernmost Rough Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring gull  ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance or density,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Measure of abundance of birds in OWF area. No impact on herring gull density
Grey,"John Ford Environmental Consultancy Ltd (2015). Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report, March 2014 - April 2015. 58p.",Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (28 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2014-2015,2015,Westernmost Rough Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (28 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance or density,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Measure of abundance of birds in OWF area. For the rest of the 28 species not listed above, observed no impact compared to pre-construction baseline"
Grey,"John Ford Environmental Consultancy Ltd (2015). Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report, March 2014 - April 2015. 58p.",Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase: Ornithological Survey Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014-2015,2015,Westernmost Rough Offshore wind farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision rate,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Measure of collision rate of birds in OWF area. Small increase in collision rates overall 
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Decrease in numbers of individuals except plaice, dab & mackerel"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Commercial fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fish species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Decrease in numbers of species of commercial importance"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Commercial fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fish species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Decrease in numbers of species of commercial importance"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Electro-sensitive fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Electro-sensitive fish,Electromagnetic fields,No change in abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. No change to numbers of species of electro-sensitive species"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance of smaller individuals of non-commercial fish species,Positive impact on maintaining nursery populations and habitats (Including gene pool protection),Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Windfarm area predominently used by undersized fish of non-commercial importance"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries (trawl),Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries (trawl),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on commercial fish species,Inconclusive impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Inconclusive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Majority of species of commercial importance above MLS were captured outside the windfarm site"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries (gill net),Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries (gill net),Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on commercial fish species,Inconclusive impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Inconclusive impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Majority of species of commercial importance above MLS were captured inside the windfarm site"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Lobster,Species or biological,"Size, growth, or age",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lobster,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance of larger individuals,"Positive impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Positive impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Most lobsters in windfarm area above MLS"
Grey,Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2014). Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring. 28p.,Teesside Offshore Windfarm Fish Monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Lobster,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,Teeside Offshore wind farm,Fixed,1-2 years,Up to 35m,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lobster,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on density,Positive impact on biodiversity,Positive impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Trawl, pot and set net surveys and of fish and macro-invertebrate species. Aggregation of lobster within wind farm area"
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seabed  ,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential temporary damage and disturbance to seabed from jack-up vessels, and coastal features at landfall sites "
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on seabed  ,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential temporary damage and disturbance to seabed from jack-up vessels, and coastal features at landfall sites "
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on suspended sediment,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential increase in suspended sediment concentrations and sediment re-distribtution "
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on suspended sediment,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential increase in suspended sediment concentrations and sediment re-distribtution "
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on suspended sediment,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Potential increase in suspended sediment concentrations and sediment re-distribtution "
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on scour and accretion effects,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on physical environment, including bathymetry, shallow geology, seafloor sediments, oceanography, meteorology and water quality, using literature review and surveys.. Sediment scour and/or accretion effects caused by prescence of turbine foundation"
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic communities,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential impacts on benthic invertebrate community. Some damage and disturbance expected to benthic communities during construction activities. Temporary impacts could effect around 2% of the seabed in the wind farm area ansd 1% of the seabed of the cable corridor.
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic communities,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential impacts on benthic invertebrate community. Some damage and disturbance expected to benthic communities from the prescence of the turbines
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential impacts on fish and shellfish ecology. The main potential impact to fish is from the underwater noise generated when turbine foundations are hammered or ‘piled’ into the seabed during construction.
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of potential impacts on fish and shellfish ecology. The main potential impact to fish is from the underwater noise generated when turbine foundations are hammered or ‘piled’ into the seabed during construction.
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fish nests,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential impacts on fish and shellfish ecology. Potential impact of nest destruction for some species during construction i.e. black bream.
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on fish nests,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of potential impacts on fish and shellfish ecology. Potential impact of nest destruction for some species during construction i.e. black bream.
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on species distribution,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of potential impacts on fish and shellfish ecology. Potential alteration of distribution of some species
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour porpoise, bottlenose dolphin, white-beaked dolpin, common seal, grey seal and minke whale. ",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour porpoise, bottlenose dolphin, white-beaked dolpin, common seal, grey seal and minke whale. ",Underwater noise,Negative impact on marine mammal behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of potential impacts on marine mammals. Potential impact of noise during construction on marine mammals
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (24 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (24 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on disturbance and/or displacement effects,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on birds, including barrier effect, disturbance and displacement, collision risk and changes in habitat and prey supply.. Risk of disturbance to Gannet, Guillemot and Razorbill."
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (24 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (24 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on birds, including barrier effect, disturbance and displacement, collision risk and changes in habitat and prey supply.. Risk of collision to Gannet, Great skua, Lesser black-backed gull, Herring gull, Great black-backed gull, Kittiwake, Common tern and Arctic tern."
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of potential seascape, landscape and visual impacts . Minor effects on landscape, seascape and visual characters."
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of potential seascape, landscape and visual impacts . Moderate to major effects on landscape, seascape and visual characters."
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on heritage assets,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of potential impacts on marine archaeology. Potential impact of jack-up rigs damamging heritage assets 
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of potential impacts on marine archaeology. Potential exposure of burial sites during operational and maintenance phases
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fish and fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on commercial fisheries. Potential restricted access to fishing grounds, increased steaming times and interference with fishing activities. Potential moderate impacts on commercially important fish and shellfish stocks arising from changes in behavious from noise effects."
Grey,RSK Environmental Ltd. (2012). Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary. 44p.,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm. Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2012,2012,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fish and fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of potential impacts on commercial fisheries. Potential restricted access to fishing grounds, increased steaming times and interference with fishing activities. Potential moderate impacts on commercially important fish and shellfish stocks arising from changes in behavious from noise effects."
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Moderate significance on impact of physical injury/mortality from collisions with vessels
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on risk of non-auditory injury,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Moderate significance on impact of non-auditory injury/mortality from pile driving
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on risk of auditory injury,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Minor significance on impact of auditory injury/mortality from pile driving
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on risk of physical injury/mortality,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Minor significance on impact of injury/mortality from entanglement
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of displacement from habitat. Minor significance on impact from displacement due to physical disturbance
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of displacement from habitat. Minor significance on impact from displacement due to increase in suspended sediment
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of displacement from habitat. Minor significance on impact from displacement from pile driving
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Predation, Herbivory, or Diet composition",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on foraging ability,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of impairment of foraging ability. Moderate significance on foraging ability due to increase in suspended sediment
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Predation, Herbivory, or Diet composition",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on availability of prey species for basking sharks,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of reduction of potential prey species. Moderate significance impact on reduction of potential prey species due to increase in suspended sediment
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on masking vocalisations,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of masking vocalisations. Minor significance on impact from masking vocalisations due to vessel noise
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Minor significance on impact of physical injury/mortality from collisions with turbines
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of barrier effects. Minor significance on impact from barrier effects
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat exclusion,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of habitat exclusion. Minor significance from habitat exclusion
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on risk of physical injury/mortality,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Moderate significance on impact of physical injury/mortality from collisions with vessels
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of displacement from habitat. Minor significance on impact from displacement from habitat due to physical disturbance
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on impact on masking vocalisations,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of masking vocalisations. Minor significance from masking of vocalisations due to vessel noise
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of displacement from habitat. Minor significance on impact from displacement from habitat due to vessel noise
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Electromagnetic fields,Negative impact on population   ,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of electromagnetic emissions. Minor significance on impact from electro-magnetic fields
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on risk of physical injury/mortality,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of physical injury/mortality. Minor significance on physical injury/mortality from toxic contamination
Grey,SMRU Ltd (2013). Argyll Array Windfarm: Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement. 56p.,Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Basking sharks,Species or biological,"Predation, Herbivory, or Diet composition",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Basking sharks,Underwater noise,Negative impact on prey availability,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Monitoring of underwater noise. Minor significance on reduction of prey species
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation: level of db(ht) compared to pre-contruction survey. Slight increase in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight decrease in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Bottlenose dolphin,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Bottlenose dolphin,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight increase in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight increase in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Cod,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cod,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight increase in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Herring,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight increase in mean db(ht)
Grey,Subacoustech Environmental Ltd. (2012). Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase. 37p.,"Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm, Measurement and Assessment of Underwater Noise during Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm's Operational Phase",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Dab,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Correlative only (no direct effects),2012,2012,Ormond Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Dab,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Monitoring of underwater noise from wind farm operation. Slight decrease in mean db(ht)
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Coastline,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Coastline,Operation of windfarm,No impact on shoreline,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Numerical modelling used to assess impacts on sedimentation.. Effects on shoreline considered to be of negligable significance
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment and habitat disturbance,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary of the ES. Potential impacts included increases suspended sediment deposition, temporary habitat disturbance, long term habitat loss, habitat disturbance via scour and vessel activities. Overall, minor advers significance when proposed mitigation measures are considered."
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment and habitat disturbance,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary of the ES. Potential impacts included increases suspended sediment deposition, temporary habitat disturbance, long term habitat loss, habitat disturbance via scour and vessel activities. Overall, minor advers significance when proposed mitigation measures are considered."
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment and habitat disturbance,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary of the ES. Potential impacts included increases suspended sediment deposition, temporary habitat disturbance, long term habitat loss, habitat disturbance via scour and vessel activities. Overall, minor advers significance when proposed mitigation measures are considered."
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on fish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on fish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on fish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Underwater noise,Negative impact on shellfish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Underwater noise,Negative impact on shellfish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Underwater noise,Negative impact on shellfish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from habitat disturbance/habitat loss
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Electromagnetic fields,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from electric and magnetic field emissions
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Electromagnetic fields,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from electric and magnetic field emissions
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on fish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Negligable to minor adverse significance of cumulative effects from other activities or developments 
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on fish populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary of the ES. Negligable to minor adverse significance of cumulative effects from other activities or developments 
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Underwater noise,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Moderate adverse significance of impact from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Underwater noise,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Moderate adverse significance of impact from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Underwater noise,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Moderate adverse significance of impact from underwater noise
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from increased vessel traffic
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from increased vessel traffic
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from increased vessel traffic
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Negligable or minor adverse significance of cumulative impacts from other offshore windfarms
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal and Harbour seal,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal and Harbour seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. . Moderate adverse significance of impacts from collision risk
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from collision risk
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision mortality,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Used collision risk modelling.. Negligable to minor significance of impacts from collision mortality
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on behaviour/displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from disturbance or displacement
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on behaviour/displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from disturbance or displacement
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on behaviour/displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from disturbance or displacement
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Construction of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from barrier effects
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from barrier effects
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (35 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (35 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact from barrier effects
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts on sediments of geoarchaeological potential
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts on sediments of geoarchaeological potential
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impacts on sediments of geoarchaeological potential
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact on seascape character
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact on seascape character
Grey,SMart Wind Ltd. (2015). Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement. 46p.,Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project Two - Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2005-2014,2014,"Project Two, Hornsea Zone",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary of the ES. Minor adverse significance of impact on seascape character
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 mammal survey. Decrease in numbers of individuals 
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Bottlenose dolphin,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Bottlenose dolphin,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 mammal survey. Increase in number of individuals
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Minke Whale ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Minke Whale ,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 mammal survey. Increase in number of individuals
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 mammal survey. Decrease in numbers of individuals
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Common Seal,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common Seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 mammal survey. Decrease in numbers of individuals
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (24 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (24 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Overall, decrease in numbers of seabirds between survey periods"
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Increase in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Herring Gull,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring Gull,Operation of windfarm,No impact on avoidance behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. No change in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Herring Gull,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring Gull,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Kittiwake,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,No impact on avoidance behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. No change in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Kittiwake,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Guillemot,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Guillemot,Operation of windfarm,No impact on avoidance behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. No change in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Guillemot,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Guillemot,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Razorbill,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Razorbill,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Increase in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Razorbill,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Razorbill,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,No impact on avoidance behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. No change in mean distance of birds from turbines
Grey,"EDF Renewables (2019). Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1), 53p.","Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Project, Post-construction Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring Report 2018 Array 2 (Year 1)",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2018,2018,Blythe Offshore Demonstration Project,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 ornithological monitoring survey. Reduction in number of birds
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,No impact on suspended sediment,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - Measure of effects of sediment release . Levels of suspended sediment returned to pre-construction
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Coastline,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Coastline,Operation of windfarm,No impact on beach profiles,No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - measure of beach profile . No impact on beach profiles
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour porpoise, Striped dolphin, Harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour porpoise, Striped dolphin, Harbour seal",Underwater noise,No impact on avoidance behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 2 annual monitoring report - measure of sub-sea noise levels (not required for Yr 3). No impact from detected operational noise
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Herring, Cod and Dab",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Herring, Cod and Dab",Underwater noise,No impact on avoidance behaviour,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Year 2 annual monitoring report - measure of sub-sea noise levels (not required for Yr 3).. No impact from detected operational noise
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Edible crab,Species or biological,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Edible crab,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - fish surveys of community composition. Catch rates and commercial landings considerably higher pre-construction than post-construction
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Lobster,Species or biological,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lobster,Operation of windfarm,No impact on commercial fisheries,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - fish surveys of community composition. Commercial landings similar pre-construction and post-construction
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on sediment scour,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - geophysical survey to measure changes in seabed features. Scour continued to develop at wind turbine sites
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on community composition,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Year 3 annual monitoring report - benthic communities. Benthic communities recolonised sites quickly following disturbance
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (13 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (13 species),Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on density,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Year 3 annual monitoring report - ornithology surveys. Boat based surveys revealed increases in numbers of 4 species (Kittiwake, skuas, Guillemot, Sandwich tern)"
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on avoidance behaviour,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - ornithology surveys. Boat based surveys revealed non-statistical evidence of disturbance and avoidance
Grey,RPS Energy Consultants Ltd (2014). LID Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ,"Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms, Year 3 Post-Construction Monitoring Summary Report ",Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2002-2012,2014,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 3 annual monitoring report - assessment of breaches of AEZ. No Archaeological Exclusion Zones breached during construction
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from habitat loss determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Operation of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from habitat loss determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from habitat loss determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from disturbance determined for 3 species (Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from disturbance determined for 3 species (Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from disturbance determined for 3 species (Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from displacement determined for 4 species (Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from displacement determined for 4 species (Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from displacement determined for 4 species (Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (15 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (15 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from collision risk determined for 15 species (Gannet, Kittiwake, Lesser black-backed gull, Herring gull, Greenland white-fronted goose, Greenland barnacle goose, Canadian light-bellied brent goose, Pink-footed goose, Whooper swan, Corncrake, Ringed plover, Turnstone, Dunlin, Redshank, Oystercatcher)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (15 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (15 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from collision risk determined for 15 species (Gannet, Kittiwake, Lesser black-backed gull, Herring gull, Greenland white-fronted goose, Greenland barnacle goose, Canadian light-bellied brent goose, Pink-footed goose, Whooper swan, Corncrake, Ringed plover, Turnstone, Dunlin, Redshank, Oystercatcher)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (15 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (15 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from collision risk determined for 15 species (Gannet, Kittiwake, Lesser black-backed gull, Herring gull, Greenland white-fronted goose, Greenland barnacle goose, Canadian light-bellied brent goose, Pink-footed goose, Whooper swan, Corncrake, Ringed plover, Turnstone, Dunlin, Redshank, Oystercatcher)"
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Operation of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from barrier effect determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Operation of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from barrier effect determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from barrier effect determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance or density,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from indirect effects determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance or density,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from indirect effects determined for 0 species
Grey,RPS Ltd. (2022). Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulation Assessment - Screening for likely significant effects. 69p.,Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulation Assessment ,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (21 species),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Argyll Array Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North West Atlantic,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (21 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on abundance or density,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of Likely Significant Effects of multiple impacts on a range of qualifying bird species populations or habitats within a Natura 2000 site. Likely significant effect from indirect effects determined for 0 species
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on benthic community,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No evidence of significant or permanent impact on bentic fauna
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Non-migratory fish species,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Non-migratory fish species,Operation of windfarm,No impact on populations,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No evidence of significant or permanent impact on fish and epibenthic communities
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Non-migratory fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Non-migratory fish species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Decrease in abundance of fish species
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Non-migratory fish species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Non-migratory fish species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Decrease in abundance of fish species
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Electro-sensitive fish,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Electro-sensitive fish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on range or distribution,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Very few elasmobranch species found around cable routes
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Electro-sensitive fish,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Electro-sensitive fish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on range or distribution,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Very few elasmobranch species found around cable routes
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common scoter,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common scoter,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance  ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No significant effect on abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance  ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No significant effect on abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Cormorant,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cormorant,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Increase in abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Large gull species,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Large gull species,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. Increase in abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance  ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No decline in abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants Ltd. (2013). Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1), 210p.","Analysis of marine environmental monitoring plan data from the Robin Rigg offshore wind farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1). ",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Before-after-control-impact study,2010-2011,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,0-1 year,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance  ,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Year 1 operational monitoring report. No decline in abundance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs . LSE of OWFs on Copeland Islands SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs . LSE of OWFs on Copeland Islands SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs . LSE of OWFs on Copeland Islands SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Irish Sea Front SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Irish Sea Front SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Irish Sea Front SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Burbo Bank Extension, Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Skomer, Skokholm and the Seas off Pembrokeshire SPA likely due to impact on displacement "
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Burbo Bank Extension, Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Skomer, Skokholm and the Seas off Pembrokeshire SPA likely due to impact on displacement "
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Manx shearwater,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Burbo Bank Extension, Walney Extension Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Manx shearwater,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Skomer, Skokholm and the Seas off Pembrokeshire SPA likely due to impact on displacement "
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Dee Estuary SPA likely due to impact on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Dee Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Dee Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney 1 and 2, West of Duddon Sands, Ormonde, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Teal, Grey plover, Dunlin, Black-tailed godwit, Curlew, Common tern, Sandwich tern",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Dee Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on disturbance 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on disturbance 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on disturbance 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Walney Extension, Gwynt y Mor Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common tern, Little tern, Little gull, Cormorant, Red-breasted merganser",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Liverpool Bay SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gwynt y Mor,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gwynt y Mor,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gwynt y Mor,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gwynt y Mor,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Common tern, Bar-tailed godwit, Knot",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs - LSEs of OWF on SPA . LSE of OWFs on Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on displacement  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on displacement  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on displacement  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on disturbance from vessels 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on disturbance from vessels 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Anglesey Terns SPA likely due to impact on disturbance from vessels 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA likely due to impact on collision risk  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Lesser black-backed gull, Black-tailed godwit, Whooper swan, Little egret, Ruff, Sandwich tern, Mediterranean gull, Common tern",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA likely due to impact on displacement   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill, Puffin",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA likely due to impact on collision risk   
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Cables,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Cable installation,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on disturbance from nearshore activities associated with cable installation    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, East Anglia One Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on collision risk    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, East Anglia One Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, East Anglia One Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dudgeon, Race Bank, East Anglia One Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Little tern, Sandwich tern, Common tern, Little gull",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,East Anglia Three Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on collision risk  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,East Anglia Three Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,East Anglia Three Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,East Anglia Three Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Greater Wash SPA likely due to impact on displacement    
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Galloper and Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common tern,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Outer Thames Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Galloper and Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Outer Thames Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Galloper and Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common tern,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Outer Thames Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Common tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Galloper and Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farms,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Common tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Outer Thames Estuary SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Humber Estuary SPA likely due to impact on collision risk 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Humber Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Humber Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Humber Estuary SPA likely due to impact on displacement 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay SPA likely due to impact on collision risk"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,Rampion Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay SPA likely due to impact on displacement"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Coquet Island SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Farne IslandsSPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Dogger Bank A & B, Dogger Bank C, Sofia, Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2021). Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas, 113p.",Review of Consents for Major Infrastructure Projects and Special Protection Areas,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,"Hornsea Project One, Triton Knoll, Race Bank, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farms",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Puffin, Kittiwake",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of consents of wind farm projects - HRAs. LSE of OWFs on Northumberland Marine SPA likely due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Lesser black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",Yes,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Alde-Ore Estuary SPA and Ramsar due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Breydon Water SPA and Ramsar due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Broadland SPA and Ramsar due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Wintering waterbirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Wintering waterbirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on North Norfolk Coast SPA and Ramsar due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Kittiwake, Gannet",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Kittiwake, Gannet",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA due to impact on displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Flamborough and Filey Coast SPA due to impact on disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Greater Wash SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Greater Wash SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Little gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Little gull,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Greater Wash SPA due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on barrier effect
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on barrier effect
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Outer Thames Estuary SPA due to impact on barrier effect
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on habitat loss
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on habitat loss
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on habitat loss
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Species or biological,Range or distribution or larval dispersal/connectivity,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, Woodlark",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Sandlings SPA due to impact on displacement and/or disturbance
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on collision or disturbance from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on collision or disturbance from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on collision or disturbance from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Humber Estuary SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact from underwater noise 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact from underwater noise 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact from underwater noise 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact on collision from vessel interactions 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact on collision from vessel interactions 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact on collision from vessel interactions 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on Southern North Sea SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on disturbance from underwater noise  
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on collisions from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on collisions from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on collisions from vessel interactions
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment, 108p.",East Anglia One North Habitats Regulations Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia One North Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour seal, Grey seal ",Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - LSE's of impacts on a range of SPAs. LSE of OWF on The Wash and North Norfolk Coast SAC due to impact on water quality 
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat  "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat  "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat  "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat  "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-2011,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from underwater noise from pile driving 
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from collision risk, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from collision risk, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from collision risk, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on commercial fisheries,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Bats,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ecology for Environmental Statement. Significant (temporary) impacts on bats for loss of habitat; potential impacts on badgers, water voles, otters, great crested newts and common reptiles from temporary habitat loss and fragmentation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts on birds from temporary habitat loss and disturbance, following mitigation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2018,Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts on birds from temporary habitat loss and disturbance, following mitigation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Construction of windfarm,No impact on water quality and suspended sediment,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,No impact on water quality and suspended sediment,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,water quality ,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on water quality and suspended sediment,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Operation of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Decommissioning of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on regulation of baseline flows,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on physical processes, water and sediment quality for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from water quality and suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2010-11; 2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from small scale effects such as temporary habitat loss and disturbance, including for commercial species "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Underwater noise,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from underwater noise from pile driving 
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Underwater noise,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from underwater noise from pile driving 
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal",Underwater noise,Negative impact on avoidance behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from underwater noise from pile driving 
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from collision, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from collision, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"All seabird species, particularly Red-throated diver, Kittiwake, Gannet, Guillemot, Razorbill",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts from from collision, disturbance and displacement"
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Impacts considered to be within acceptable levels following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Impacts considered to be within acceptable levels following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Decommissioning of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Impacts considered to be within acceptable levels following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on archaeological features,No impact on aspects of culture or heritage,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore and intertidal archaeology and cultural heritage for Environmental Statement. Insignificant impacts following mitigation measures
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Bats,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ecology for Environmental Statement. Significant (temporary) impacts on bats for loss of habitat; potential impacts on badgers, water voles, otters, great crested newts and common reptiles from temporary habitat loss and fragmentation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Bats,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ecology for Environmental Statement. Significant (temporary) impacts on bats for loss of habitat; potential impacts on badgers, water voles, otters, great crested newts and common reptiles from temporary habitat loss and fragmentation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Bats,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bats, Water voles, badgers, otters, newts",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ecology for Environmental Statement. Significant (temporary) impacts on bats for loss of habitat; potential impacts on badgers, water voles, otters, great crested newts and common reptiles from temporary habitat loss and fragmentation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts on birds from temporary habitat loss and disturbance, following mitigation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts on birds from temporary habitat loss and disturbance, following mitigation "
Grey,"Royal HaskoningDHV (2018). Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement, 50p.",Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm Non-Technical Summary Environmental Statement,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2016-2017,2018,Norfolk Boreas Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All wintering and breeding (onshore) bird species,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on onshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Minor impacts on birds from temporary habitat loss and disturbance, following mitigation "
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Sedimentation,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sedimentation,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on hydrodynamics and sediment transport,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on marine processes for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of effects from physical changes to the shoreline or sandbanks arising from modification of hydrodynamic, wave and/or sediment transport regime impacts for temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat, changes in water quality, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts to benthic features from temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,Yes,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement - potential introduction of non-native species. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts to benthic features from temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Assessment of ecological impacts on benthic ecology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts to benthic features from temporary disturbance of habitats, loss of habitat, and increases in suspended sediment"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from temporary and long-term loss of habitat
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology from underwater noise during contruction activities for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from underwater noise during piling
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or Unspecified,Yes,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,Negative impact on populations,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology from underwater noise during contruction activities for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of effects from underwater noise during piling
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on populations,Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology from electromagnetic field emissions . Minor adverse significance of impacts to fish ecology
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on populations,"Negative impact on wild animals (terrestrial and aquatic) for nutrition, materials or energy (for commercial species)  ",Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on fish and shellfish ecology from electromagnetic field emissions . Minor adverse significance of impacts to shellfish ecology
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Underwater noise,Negative impact on populations,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from underwater noise from pile driving
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on marine mammals from suspended sediment,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased suspended sediments, release of contaminants"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on marine mammals from suspended sediment,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased suspended sediments, release of contaminants"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on marine mammals from suspended sediment,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased suspended sediments, release of contaminants"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic and electric and magnetic effects from subsea cables (following proposed mitigation protocol) 
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic and electric and magnetic effects from subsea cables (following proposed mitigation protocol) 
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All marine mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All marine mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on injury or displacement,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine mammals for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic and electric and magnetic effects from subsea cables (following proposed mitigation protocol) 
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from collision risk
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from collision risk
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from collision risk
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts of barrier effects on migration
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts of barrier effects on migration
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts of barrier effects on migration
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from displacement
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from displacement
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All migrating birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All migrating birds,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on offshore ornithology for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from displacement
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on potential gear conflict,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Moderate adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds and displacement leading to gear conflict in relation to brown crab, lobster and whelk"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on potential gear conflict,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Moderate adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds and displacement leading to gear conflict in relation to brown crab, lobster and whelk"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on potential gear conflict,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Moderate adverse significance of impacts from reduced access to fishing grounds and displacement leading to gear conflict in relation to brown crab, lobster and whelk"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Vessel traffic,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic, steaming to other grounds, gear snagging"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Vessel traffic,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic, steaming to other grounds, gear snagging"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Vessel traffic,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on commercial fisheries for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from increased vessel traffic, steaming to other grounds, gear snagging"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features from suspended sediment,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine archaeology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from disturbance of sediments
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features from suspended sediment,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine archaeology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from disturbance of sediments
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features from suspended sediment,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Assessment of ecological impacts on marine archaeology for Environmental Statement. Minor adverse significance of impacts from disturbance of sediments
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on seascape and visual resources for Environmental Statement. Negligable to moderate adverse significance of impacts from changes to the seascape character, increasing to negligable to moderate significance during construction and decommissioning"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on seascape and visual resources for Environmental Statement. Negligable to minor adverse significance of impacts from changes to the seascape character, increasing to negligable to moderate significance during construction and decommissioning"
Grey,"RPS Ltd. (2018). Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary, 56p.",Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Hornsea Three Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Assessment of ecological impacts on seascape and visual resources for Environmental Statement. Negligable to moderate adverse significance of impacts from changes to the seascape character, increasing to negligable to moderate significance during construction and decommissioning"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018). Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI, 266p.",Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI.,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,"Greater Gabbard, Galloper, Creyke Beck A, Creyke Beck B, Teesside B, Hornsea Two, Dudgeon, Teesside A, ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents for existing OWFs for a new SCI. The Appropriate Assessment as part of an HRA considers potential impacts from a number of different activities associated with the consented projects based on the results from a variety of different approaches to assessment. Most likely impacts are from sound caused during construction, operation and decommissioning - from pile driving, geophysical surveys, vessels, cable laying, rock dumping, cutting equipment, unexploded ordnance, operating noise. Also impacts to habitats, and physical impacts from vessels. Noise modelling applied.. No adverse impacts on integrity of the SCI arising from fatalities or injury to harbour porpoise caused by construction noise  "
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018). Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI, 266p.",Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,"Greater Gabbard, Galloper, Creyke Beck A, Creyke Beck B, Teesside B, Hornsea Two, Dudgeon, Teesside A, ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,No impact on behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents for existing OWFs for a new SCI. The Appropriate Assessment as part of an HRA considers potential impacts from a number of different activities associated with the consented projects based on the results from a variety of different approaches to assessment. Most likely impacts are from sound caused during construction, operation and decommissioning - from pile driving, geophysical surveys, vessels, cable laying, rock dumping, cutting equipment, unexploded ordnance, operating noise. Also impacts to habitats, and physical impacts from vessels. Noise modelling applied.. No adverse impacts on integrity of the SCI arising from behaviour change or secondary impacts  to harbour porpoise caused by operational noise  "
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2018). Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI, 266p.",Review of Consented Offshore Wind Farms in the Southern North Sea Harbour Porpoise SCI.,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,"Greater Gabbard, Galloper, Creyke Beck A, Creyke Beck B, Teesside B, Hornsea Two, Dudgeon, Teesside A, ",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,No impact on behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Review of consents for existing OWFs for a new SCI. The Appropriate Assessment as part of an HRA considers potential impacts from a number of different activities associated with the consented projects based on the results from a variety of different approaches to assessment. Most likely impacts are from sound caused during construction, operation and decommissioning - from pile driving, geophysical surveys, vessels, cable laying, rock dumping, cutting equipment, unexploded ordnance, operating noise. Also impacts to habitats, and physical impacts from vessels. Noise modelling applied.. No adverse impacts on integrity of the SCI arising from behaviour change or secondary impacts  to harbour porpoise caused by decommissioning noise  "
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Great black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Great black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to collision risk
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to collision risk
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Construction of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Northern gannet,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Northern gannet,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to collision risk 
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Razorbill,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Razorbill,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Razorbill,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Razorbill,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Guillemot,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Guillemot,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"O’Brien, S.H., Baker, H., Canning, S., Hall, K., Hitchin, B. & Mendes, S. 2021 Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway. A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group. No. OW001. JNCC Report No. 675, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.","Review of priority evidence needs around the impact of offshore wind development on key receptors and research underway A report for the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme Steering Group, No. OW001",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Guillemot,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2021,2021,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Guillemot,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review and assessment of species which might pose a consenting risk for future UK-wide offshore wind development. Identified as ornithological constraint in final Sectoral Marine Plan appropriate assessment due to displacement
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. Potential damage to various substrates including chalk, circalittoral rock, estuarine rocky habitats, intertidal sand and muddy sand, maerl beds, peat and clay exposures, protected dunes, rocky reefs, sheltered muddy gravels, stony reefs, submarine structures, submerged seacaves, biogenic reefs, subtidal macrophyte sediment and subtidal sediments. Cabling routes through these habitats should be avoided due to sensitivities."
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Substrates (various),Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Substrates (various),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. Potential damage to various substrates including chalk, circalittoral rock, estuarine rocky habitats, intertidal sand and muddy sand, maerl beds, peat and clay exposures, protected dunes, rocky reefs, sheltered muddy gravels, stony reefs, submarine structures, submerged seacaves, biogenic reefs, subtidal macrophyte sediment and subtidal sediments. Cabling routes through these habitats should be avoided due to sensitivities."
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Coastal vegetation,Saltmarsh,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Saltmarsh,Cable installation,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on control of erosion rates,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. There have been significant ongoing impacts due to cable installation through saltmarsh. "
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Coastal vegetation,Saltmarsh,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Saltmarsh,Cable installation,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on control of erosion rates,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. There have been significant ongoing impacts due to cable installation through saltmarsh. "
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Coastal vegetation,Seagrass,Species or biological,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Seagrass,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seagrass from suspended sediment,Negative impact on maintaining nursery populations and habitats (including gene pool protection),Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. these are susceptible to physical change and increase in suspended sediment "
Grey,"Natural England & JNCC (2019). Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within Proposed Round 4 leasing areas, 35p.",Natural England and JNCC advice on key sensitivities of habitats and Marine Protected Areas in English Waters to offshore wind farm cabling within proposed Round 4 leasing areas,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Coastal vegetation,Seagrass,Species or biological,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,All UK waters,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Seagrass,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seagrass from suspended sediment,Negative impact on maintaining nursery populations and habitats (including gene pool protection),Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Assessment of the key pressures associated with cable installation, operation and maintenance in MPAs. these are susceptible to physical change and increase in suspended sediment "
Grey,"Bowgen, K. & Cook, A. 2018. Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments. JNCC Report No. 614, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.",Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Large gulls (Herring gull, Lesser black-backed gull and Great black-backed gull)",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014-2016,2018,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Large gulls (Herring gull, Lesser black-backed gull and Great black-backed gull)",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study aims to assess how empirical collision avoidance rates can be used to inform renewable energy development impact assessments and support decision making, and improve modelling inputs.. 2 large gulls observed colliding"
Grey,"Bowgen, K. & Cook, A. 2018. Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments. JNCC Report No. 614, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.",Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Black-legged kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014-2016,2018,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Black-legged kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study aims to assess how empirical collision avoidance rates can be used to inform renewable energy development impact assessments and support decision making, and improve modelling inputs.. 1 individual observed colliding"
Grey,"Bowgen, K. & Cook, A. 2018. Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments. JNCC Report No. 614, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.",Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Large gulls (Herring gull, Lesser black-backed gull and Great black-backed gull)",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014-2016,2018,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Large gulls (Herring gull, Lesser black-backed gull and Great black-backed gull)",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study aims to assess how empirical collision avoidance rates can be used to inform renewable energy development impact assessments and support decision making, and improve modelling inputs.. Avoidance rate higher post-construction than pre-construction"
Grey,"Bowgen, K. & Cook, A. 2018. Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments. JNCC Report No. 614, JNCC, Peterborough, ISSN 0963-8091.",Bird Collision Avoidance: Empirical evidence and impact assessments.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Black-legged kittiwake,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014-2016,2018,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Black-legged kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Study aims to assess how empirical collision avoidance rates can be used to inform renewable energy development impact assessments and support decision making, and improve modelling inputs.. Avoidance rate higher post-construction than pre-construction"
Grey,"Dierschke, V., Furness, R.W., Gray, C.E., Petersen, I.K., Schmutz, J., Zydelis, R. & Daunt, F. 2017. Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers. JNCC Report No. 605. JNCC, Peterborough.","Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2017,2017,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Expert views on how red-throated divers are affected by displacement.. Birds exhibit displacement behaviour, moving away from structures"
Grey,"Dierschke, V., Furness, R.W., Gray, C.E., Petersen, I.K., Schmutz, J., Zydelis, R. & Daunt, F. 2017. Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers. JNCC Report No. 605. JNCC, Peterborough.","Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2017,2017,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Expert views on how red-throated divers are affected by displacement.. Birds show a strong stress response to anthropogenic structures limiting their ability to exploit new locations following displacement
Grey,"Dierschke, V., Furness, R.W., Gray, C.E., Petersen, I.K., Schmutz, J., Zydelis, R. & Daunt, F. 2017. Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers. JNCC Report No. 605. JNCC, Peterborough.","Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2017,2017,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on reproduction,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Expert views on how red-throated divers are affected by displacement.. Poor body condition can result from displacement potentially reducing breeding success 
Grey,"JNCC. 2015. Seabird Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms: report of the MROG Workshop, 6-7th May 2015. JNCC Report No 568. JNCC Peterborough.",Seabird Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms: report of the MROG Workshop,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Grebes, Fulmar, Gannet, Great cormorant, Kittiwake, Gull species, Tern species, Guillemot, Razorbill ",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2015,2015,Horns Rev 1 OWF,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Red-throated diver, Common scoter, Grebes, Fulmar, Gannet, Great cormorant, Kittiwake, Gull species, Tern species, Guillemot, Razorbill ",Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,The purpose of the workshop was to review new and existing evidence of seabird displacement from OWFs.. Barrier effect
Grey,"JNCC. 2015. Seabird Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms: report of the MROG Workshop, 6-7th May 2015. JNCC Report No 568. JNCC Peterborough.",Seabird Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms: report of the MROG Workshop,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Qualitative or quantitative social study,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2015,2015,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on risk of mortality,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,The purpose of the workshop was to review new and existing evidence of seabird displacement from OWFs.. There is evidence of mortality impacts
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Moray Offshore Renewables Limited (“MORL”) development, 43p.",Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision- Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd development,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Great black-backed gull, Herring gull, Puffin, Guillemot, Razorbill, Gannet",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2019,2019,"Moray East: Telford Offshore Wind Farm, Stevenson Offshore Wind Farm, MacColl Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Great black-backed gull, Herring gull, Puffin, Guillemot, Razorbill, Gannet",Operation of windfarm,No impact on site integrity,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on SPA site integrity in respect of the species listed.
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Moray Offshore Renewables Limited (“MORL”) development, 43p.",Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision- Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd development,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,"Moray East: Telford Offshore Wind Farm, Stevenson Offshore Wind Farm, MacColl Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Underwater noise,No impact on population,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on SPA site integrity in respect of long-term effects from underwater noise disturbance on bottlenose dolphin or harbour seal populations.
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Moray Offshore Renewables Limited (“MORL”) development, 43p.",Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision- Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd development,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Minke whale,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,"Moray East: Telford Offshore Wind Farm, Stevenson Offshore Wind Farm, MacColl Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Minke whale,Underwater noise,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. Disturbance from piling of individual minke whales is likely to occur.
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Moray Offshore Renewables Limited (“MORL”) development, 43p.",Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision- Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd development,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,"Moray East: Telford Offshore Wind Farm, Stevenson Offshore Wind Farm, MacColl Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. Assessed that there would an effect on the population of harbour seals within Moray Firth seal management area (would recover by end of construction period). 
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Moray Offshore Renewables Limited (“MORL”) development, 43p.",Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision- Moray Offshore Renewables Ltd development,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel, sea lamprey",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2019,2019,"Telford Offshore Wind Farm, Stevenson Offshore Wind Farm, MacColl Offshore Wind Farm ",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel, sea lamprey",Operation of windfarm,No impact on freshwater SACs,No impact on biodiversity ,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on any freshwater SACs connected to the OWF development with regards to atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel and sea lamprey. "
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Great black-backed gull, Herring gull, Puffin, Guillemot, Razorbill, Gannet",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Great black-backed gull, Herring gull, Puffin, Guillemot, Razorbill, Gannet",Operation of windfarm,No impact on site integrity,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on SPA site integrity in respect of the species listed.
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel, sea lamprey",Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel, sea lamprey",Operation of windfarm,No impact on freshwater SACs,No impact on biodiversity ,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on any freshwater SACs connected to the OWF development with regards to atlantic salmon, freshwater pearl mussel and sea lamprey. "
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Underwater noise,No impact on population,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. No adverse effect on SPA site integrity in respect of long-term effects from underwater noise disturbance on bottlenose dolphin or harbour seal populations.
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Bottlenose dolphin, Harbour seal",Underwater noise,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. Potential disturbance in some areas of bottlenose dolphin range from noise propagation. 
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. Assessed that there would an effect on the population of harbour seals within Moray Firth seal management area (would recover by end of construction period). 
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Cod, herring ",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Cod, herring ",Underwater noise,Negative impact on population,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. Underwater noise impacts from pile-driving
Grey,"Marine Scotland (2014). Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision - Beatrice Offshore Windfarm, 42p.",Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Impact Assessment Consent Decision,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA consent decision consisting of input on predicted impacts from various stakeholders. The visual impacts are primarily caused by BOWL, rather than MORL"
Grey,"WWT Consulting (2014). Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol5, no. 12. 176p. ",Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (27 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014,2014,"Scottish offshore wind farms - Beatrice; Moray Firth Round 3 (Telford, Stevenson and MacColl); European Offshore Wind Development Centre (EOWDC); Neart na Gaoithe; Inch Cape; SeaGreen (Alpha and Bravo); Argyll Array; Islay; and Robin Rigg",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,All Scottish waters,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (27 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Collision risk modelling for seabird and non-seabird species migrating through Scottish wind farms. 3 collision models indicate between 2 species (Great black-backed gull and Herring gull), and six species (Cormorant, Common gull, Lesser black-backed gull, Herring gull, Great black-backed gull and Common tern) had collision estimates that exceeded the threshold value of 1% of the passage populations - "
Grey,"WWT Consulting (2014). Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol5, no. 12. 176p. ",Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (38 species - onshore birds),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2014,2014,"Scottish offshore wind farms - Beatrice; Moray Firth Round 3 (Telford, Stevenson and MacColl); European Offshore Wind Development Centre (EOWDC); Neart na Gaoithe; Inch Cape; SeaGreen (Alpha and Bravo); Argyll Array; Islay; and Robin Rigg",Fixed,Various,Unspecified,Atlantic,All Scottish waters,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (38 species - onshore birds),Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Collision risk modelling for seabird and non-seabird species migrating through Scottish wind farms. Assuming a threshold value of 1% of the passage population, no non-seabird species had collision mortality estimates (at 98% avoidance) that were of concern"
Grey,Moray Offshore Windfarm (West) Ltd. (undated). Moray West Offshore Windfarm Offshore EOIA report,Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects on changes to physical processes, water quality, or cumulative effects"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects on changes to physical processes, water quality, or cumulative effects"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on water quality,No impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects on changes to physical processes, water quality, or cumulative effects"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects from habitat loss
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,No impact on benthic invertebrates from suspended sediment,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects from disturbance to or removal of the seabed, sediment resuspension or redeposition of sediment"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact from scouring,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects from scouring, noise & vibration or release of chemicals"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2017,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact from scouring,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant effects from scouring, noise & vibration or release of chemicals"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Sandeel, herring",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Sandeel, herring",Construction of windfarm,No impact on sandeel & herring from smothering,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on sandeel and herring from seabed disturbance and smothering
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Sandeel, herring",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Sandeel, herring",Operation of windfarm,No impact on sandeel & herring from smothering,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on sandeel and herring from seabed disturbance and smothering
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Sandeel, herring",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Sandeel, herring",Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on sandeel & herring from smothering,No impact on biomass for the provision of nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on sandeel and herring from seabed disturbance and smothering
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on herring, cod and salmon from underwater noise"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on herring, cod and salmon from underwater noise"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Herring, Cod, Atlantic salmon",Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on herring, cod and salmon from underwater noise"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on fish or shellfish from disturbance and habitat loss
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Construction of windfarm,No impact on shellfish from smothering,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on fish or shellfish from potential smothering, sediment suspension"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on fish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on fish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on fish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on shellfish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on shellfish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All shellfish,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All shellfish,Electromagnetic fields,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impact on shellfish from EMFs
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from underwater noise
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from underwater noise
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from underwater noise
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Vessel traffic,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from physical injury, avoidance, vessel collision"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Vessel traffic,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from physical injury, avoidance, vessel collision"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Vessel traffic,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts from physical injury, avoidance, vessel collision"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Construction of windfarm,No impact on foraging ability of marine mammals from suspended sediment,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on foraging ability from increased suspended sediment
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Operation of windfarm,No impact on foraging ability of marine mammals from suspended sediment,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on foraging ability from increased suspended sediment
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (5 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on foraging ability of marine mammals from suspended sediment,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on foraging ability from increased suspended sediment
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Underwater noise,No impact from disturbance,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on birds from disturbance, underwater noise"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Construction of windfarm,No impact on prey availability,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on birds from reduction in prey availability, habitat loss"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,No impact on displacement,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on birds from disturbance, displacement"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on birds from collision risk
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Commercial fisheries (creel, mackerel, trawl)",Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Commercial fisheries (creel, mackerel, trawl)",Construction of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on loss or damage to fishing gear, increase in steaming time, effects on fish populations, restricted access to fishing grounds"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries (scallop dredgers),Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries (scallop dredgers),Construction of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on restricted access to fishing grounds, snagging risk"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on restricted access to fishing grounds, snagging risk, loss or damage to fishing gear, increase in steaming time, effects on fish populations"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Decommissioning of windfarm,No economic impact,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on restricted access to fishing grounds, snagging risk, loss or damage to fishing gear, increase in steaming time, effects on fish populations"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Potential significant impacts on 10 of 25 viewpoints and significant night time effects associated with the use of red aviation safety lighting, and cumulative effects from viewpoints."
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Potential significant impacts on 10 of 25 viewpoints and significant night time effects associated with the use of red aviation safety lighting, and cumulative effects from viewpoints."
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Potential significant impacts on 10 of 25 viewpoints and significant night time effects associated with the use of red aviation safety lighting, and cumulative effects from viewpoints."
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on surf or beach quality,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on surf quality or beach quality
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on surf or beach quality,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on surf quality or beach quality
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on surf or beach quality,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. No significant impacts on surf quality or beach quality
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Minor effects on potential loss of, or damage to, known and unknown marine archaeological an cultural heritage assets"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Minor effects on potential loss of, or damage to, known and unknown marine archaeological an cultural heritage assets"
Grey,"Moray West Offshore Windfarm (West) ltd (undated). EIA Report Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary, 39p.",Moray West Offshore Windfarm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Moray West Offshore Wind Farm and associated Offshore Transmission Infrastructure (OfTI),Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Non-technical summary from the EIA of the development. Minor effects on potential loss of, or damage to, known and unknown marine archaeological an cultural heritage assets"
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,"Cod, Herring, Allis shad, Twaite shad, Sprat",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012-2016,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Cod, Herring, Allis shad, Twaite shad, Sprat",Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Contains summary of EIA. Commercial landings data evaluated for hearing specialist fish species.. Insignificant effects of piling on hearing specialist fish
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Minke whale, Bottlenose dolphin, White-beaked dolphin, Harbour porpoise, Grey seal, Harbour seal",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Minke whale, Bottlenose dolphin, White-beaked dolphin, Harbour porpoise, Grey seal, Harbour seal",Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of underwater noise from piling and survey equipment on hearing damage and behavioural responses... Insignificant effects of noise on health or behaviour 
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of collision risk. Insignificant effects of collision risk 
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of displacement and barrier effect. Insignificant effects of displacement or barrier effects
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Decommissioning of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of displacement and barrier effect. Insignificant effects of displacement or barrier effects
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of collision risk. Insignificant effects of collision risk 
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Operation of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of displacement and barrier effect. Insignificant effects of displacement or barrier effects
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Gannet, Kittiwake, Herring gull, Puffin, Razorbill, Guillemot",Decommissioning of windfarm,No barrier effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA. Impact of displacement and barrier effect. Insignificant effects of displacement or barrier effects
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2017-2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Contains summary of EIA. Review of seascape, landscape and visual context undertaken with reference to existing character assessment.. Significant seascape and visual effects at landfall on Cockenzie (insignificant at other landfall sites)"
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2017-2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Contains summary of EIA. Review of seascape, landscape and visual context undertaken with reference to existing character assessment.. Significant seascape and visual effects at landfall on Cockenzie (insignificant at other landfall sites)"
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2017-2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Contains summary of EIA. Review of seascape, landscape and visual context undertaken with reference to existing character assessment.. Significant seascape and visual effects for properties in coastal settlements "
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Construction of windfarm,No impact on cultural aspects,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA.  Setting impacts upon relevant receptors were carried out.. Insignificant effects on all cultural heritage receptors (i.e. lighthouses)
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Operation of windfarm,No impact on cultural aspects,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA.  Setting impacts upon relevant receptors were carried out.. Insignificant effects on all cultural heritage receptors (i.e. lighthouses)
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Cultural heritage or marine archaeology,Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on cultural aspects,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Contains summary of EIA.  Setting impacts upon relevant receptors were carried out.. Insignificant effects on all cultural heritage receptors (i.e. lighthouses)
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2011-2016,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Construction of windfarm,No impact on commercial fisheries,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Contains summary of EIA.  Baseline data for fishing activity was assessed.. Insignificant effect on creel, scallop, Nephrops and squid fisheries"
Grey,"Red Rock Power Ltd (2018). Ince Cape Offshore Limited NonTechnical Summary, 36p.",Inch Cape Wind Farm EIA Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2011-2016,2018,Inch Cape Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,No impact on commercial fisheries,No impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,No impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"Contains summary of EIA.  Baseline data for fishing activity was assessed.. Insignificant effect on creel, scallop, Nephrops and squid fisheries"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,"water quality, waves and tides",Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"water quality, waves and tides",Construction of windfarm,"Negative impact on water quality, waves and tides",Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance from impacts of suspended sediment and changes to tidal and wave regimes"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,"water quality, waves and tides",Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"water quality, waves and tides",Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on water quality, waves and tides",Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance from impacts of suspended sediment and changes to tidal and wave regimes"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,"water quality, waves and tides",Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"water quality, waves and tides",Decommissioning of windfarm,"Negative impact on water quality, waves and tides",Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance from impacts of suspended sediment and changes to tidal and wave regimes"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Neglible to minor adverse significance for deterioration of water quality due to resuspension of sediments"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Neglible to minor adverse significance for deterioration of water quality due to resuspension of sediments"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on water quality,Negative impact on the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Neglible to minor adverse significance for deterioration of water quality due to resuspension of sediments"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (5 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct disturbance and displacement, indirect effects to habitats, prey species, collision risk and barrier effects"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (5 species),Operation of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct disturbance and displacement, indirect effects to habitats, prey species, collision risk and barrier effects"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (5 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (5 species),Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative barrier effect,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct disturbance and displacement, indirect effects to habitats, prey species, collision risk and barrier effects"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Water quality ,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Water quality ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to temporary habitat disturbance, long-term habitat loss/change, temporary increases in SSC and deposition"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to temporary habitat disturbance, long-term habitat loss/change, temporary increases in SSC and deposition"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Habitat,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Habitat,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,Negative impact on regulation of baseline flows,Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to temporary habitat disturbance, long-term habitat loss/change, temporary increases in SSC and deposition"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noise, release of pollutants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noide, release of pollutuants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noide, release of pollutuants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noide, release of pollutuants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Decommissioning of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noide, release of pollutuants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Decommissioning of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance of potential effects due to direct damage and disturbance, noide, release of pollutuants, long-term habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (3 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (3 species),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to underwater noise, vessel interacttions, water quality, prey abundance. "
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (3 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (3 species),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to underwater noise, vessel interacttions, water quality, prey abundance. "
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Marine mammals (3 species),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Marine mammals (3 species),Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of potential effects due to underwater noise, vessel interacttions, water quality, prey abundance. "
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance on reduction in access to fishing grounds for the potting fleet, safety issues, increased steaming time to fishing grounds displacement of fishing"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance on reduction in access to fishing grounds for the potting fleet, safety issues, increased steaming time to fishing grounds displacement of fishing"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Commercial fisheries,Economic,Financial gain or loss (individuals or organisations),No or Unspecified,Yes,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Commercial fisheries,Operation of windfarm,Negative economic impact,Negative impact on access to wild food production for nutrition,Negative impact on Provisioning services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse significance on reduction in access to fishing grounds for the potting fleet, safety issues, increased steaming time to fishing grounds displacement of fishing"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,No impact on seascape,No impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant to significant effects on seascape character, landscape character, designated areas and viewpoints"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,No impact on seascape,No impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant to significant effects on seascape character, landscape character, designated areas and viewpoints"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Focus group/workshop/deliberative,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on seascape,No impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant to significant effects on seascape character, landscape character, designated areas and viewpoints"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects due to the loss/disturbance of seabed and marine archaeological receptors, or indirect effects due to changes in physical processes."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects due to the loss/disturbance of seabed and marine archaeological receptors, or indirect effects due to changes in physical processes."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects due to the loss/disturbance of seabed and marine archaeological receptors, or indirect effects due to changes in physical processes."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Positive impact on archaeological features,Positive impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Positive impact on Cultural Services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor to moderate beneficial effects where investigation on marine archaeological receptors takes place."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on archaeological features,Positive impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Positive impact on Cultural Services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor to moderate beneficial effects where investigation on marine archaeological receptors takes place."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Positive impact on archaeological features,Positive impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Positive impact on Cultural Services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor to moderate beneficial effects where investigation on marine archaeological receptors takes place."
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Recreational fishing,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Recreational fishing,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on recreational activities,Negative impact on activities promoting health or enjoyment,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse effects on charter angling"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Recreational fishing,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Recreational fishing,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on recreational activities,Negative impact on activities promoting health or enjoyment,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse effects on charter angling"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Recreational fishing,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Recreational fishing,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on recreational activities,Negative impact on activities promoting health or enjoyment,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Minor adverse effects on charter angling"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant and significant short-term, reversible effects on landscape character and visual receptors"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant and significant short-term, reversible effects on landscape character and visual receptors"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on aesthetic/visual interactions with seascape,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant and significant short-term, reversible effects on landscape character and visual receptors"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on tourism,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible or minor adverse impacts on tourism, onshore and offshore recreational users"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on tourism,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible or minor adverse impacts on tourism, onshore and offshore recreational users"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Tourism,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Tourists ,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on tourism,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible or minor adverse impacts on tourism, onshore and offshore recreational users"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Operation of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Decommissioning of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on habitat loss"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on accidental pollution"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Operation of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on accidental pollution"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Seabed,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabed,Decommissioning of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Non-significant impacts on accidental pollution"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Soil and land quality,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Soil and land quality,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on soil and land quality,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of effects on soil and land quality"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Soil and land quality,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Soil and land quality,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on soil and land quality,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of effects on soil and land quality"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Rock/Sediment,Soil and land quality,Physical or Chemical,Sediment  ,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Soil and land quality,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on soil and land quality,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse significance of effects on soil and land quality"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Surface water and flood risk,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Surface water and flood risk,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on flood risk,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects on surface water, groundwater and flood risk"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Surface water and flood risk,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Surface water and flood risk,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on flood risk,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects on surface water, groundwater and flood risk"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Abiotic,Water column,Surface water and flood risk,Physical or Chemical,Water quality,No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2022,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Surface water and flood risk,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on flood risk,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to minor adverse effects on surface water, groundwater and flood risk"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Construction of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2023,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to moderate adverse effects on Heritage assets and listed buildings"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2023,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to moderate adverse effects on Heritage assets and listed buildings"
Grey,"RWE Renewables UK (2022). Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Category 6: Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary, 73p.",Awel y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Non-Technical Report,Decommission of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,not specified,2021,2023,Awel Y Mor,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"EIA of potential effects as a result of the proposed development during construction, O&M and decomissioning.. Negligible to moderate adverse effects on Heritage assets and listed buildings"
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Seabirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabirds,Underwater noise,"Inconclusive impact on condition, health or injury","Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. The potential for the normal operation of the WTGs to cause sub-sea noise and vibration above background levels, and therefore to affect marine species, is considered very low."
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All mammals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All mammals,Underwater noise,"Inconclusive impact on condition, health or injury","Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. The potential for the normal operation of the WTGs to cause sub-sea noise and vibration above background levels, and therefore to affect marine species, is considered very low."
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on populations,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. Operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms have the potential to affect marine and avian species, through temporary disturbance due to vessel movements."
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,All mammals,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All mammals,Vessel traffic,Negative impact on populations,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. Operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms have the potential to affect marine and avian species, through temporary disturbance due to vessel movements."
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on archaeological features,Negative impact on aspects of culture or heritage,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. There is a low risk of disturbance and damage to wrecks and archaeological remains within the area as a result of vessel activities associated with the operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms."
Grey,"INNOGY Renewables UK Ltd (2020). Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms - Environmental Management Plan, 44p.",Liverpool Bay Offshore Wind Farms Environmental Management Plan Working Procedure,Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,Benthic invertebrates,Species or Biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2020,2020,Liverpool Bay Offshore wind farms,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic invertebrates,Vessel traffic,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury",Negative impact on biodiversity,Negative impact on Supporting services,MEA,"Development of a working procedure for all Innogy Renewables UK Ltd offshore wind farms including identification of interactions between operational OWFs, the environment and other sea users.. Minimal Impacts will arise from anchoring of vessels and the use of Jack-Up rigs  "
Grey,"Natural England (2017). Using the Interim PCoD framework to assess the potential impacts of offshore wind developments in Eastern English Waters on harbour porpoises in the North Sea, 43p.",Using the Interim PCoD framework to assess the potential impacts of offshore wind developments in Eastern English Waters on harbour porpoises in the North Sea,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),2017,2017,"Dogger Teesside A and B; Dogger Creyke Beck A and B; Hornsea 1 and 2; East Anglia 1, 3 and 4; Triton Knoll; Race Bank; Dudgeon; Galloper",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Construction of windfarm,"Inconclusive impact on condition, health or injury","Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,The iPCoD model was used to explore and assess the potential aggregate effects of planned windfarm construction over a 12 year period in English waters of the southern North Sea (NS) on the NS harbour porpoise population.. The risk to the North Sea harbour porpoise management unit of a 1% or greater annual decline over the 12 year simulated construction period is likely to be low. At the end of the construction period the additional risks of a 1% annual decline as a consequence of the planned construction were between 1 in 16 and 1 in 333.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids, 98p.",Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2016,2016,London Array Wind Farm Zones 1 and 2,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Comparison of the effects of wind farm construction or operation on the abundance and distribution of divers and auks. Estimated average densities of divers were lower during-construction years than pre- or post- construction years across Zones 1 and 2 and in the wind farm area only. There was a significant decrease in diver numbers across most of Zones 1 and 2 between the pre-construction and during-construction phases, then a significant increase in numbers post-construction compared to the construction period. "
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids, 98p.",Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Auk species,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2017,2016,London Array Wind Farm Zones 1 and 2,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Auk species,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Comparison of the effects of wind farm construction or operation on the abundance and distribution of divers and auks. Estimated average densities of divers were lower during-construction years than pre- or post- construction years across Zones 1 and 2 and in the wind farm area only. There was a significant decrease in diver numbers across most of Zones 1 and 2 between the pre-construction and during-construction phases, then a significant increase in numbers post-construction compared to the construction period. "
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids, 98p.",Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2016,2016,London Array Wind Farm Zones 1 and 2,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Comparison of the effects of wind farm construction or operation on the abundance and distribution of divers and auks. Estimated average densities of divers were lower during-construction years than pre- or post- construction years across Zones 1 and 2 and in the wind farm area only. There was a significant decrease in diver numbers across most of Zones 1 and 2 between the pre-construction and during-construction phases, then a significant increase in numbers post-construction compared to the construction period. "
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids, 98p.",Assessment of displacement impacts of offshore windfarms and other human activities on red-throated divers and alcids,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Auk species,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Before-after-control-impact study,2002-2017,2016,London Array Wind Farm Zones 1 and 2,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Auk species,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance or density,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Comparison of the effects of wind farm construction or operation on the abundance and distribution of divers and auks. Estimated average densities of divers were lower during-construction years than pre- or post- construction years across Zones 1 and 2 and in the wind farm area only. There was a significant decrease in diver numbers across most of Zones 1 and 2 between the pre-construction and during-construction phases, then a significant increase in numbers post-construction compared to the construction period. "
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Pink-footed Goose anthropogenic mortality review: Collision risk modelling, 94p.",Pink-footed Goose anthropogenic mortality review: Collision risk modelling,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Pink-footed goose,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,Scenarios comparisons (for modeling),From 2012 ,2015,"Ormonde, Walney 1, Walney Ext, Barrow, Lincs, Lyn & Inner Dowsing",Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Pink-footed goose,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on mortality rate,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Total number of annual collisions for all onshore and offshore wind farms within 20km of sites, whose first year of operation, or part thereof, was after October 2012. Total annual mortality from operational offshore wind farms is up to 397 birds (at 80% at CRH and 99% avoidance rate) and additional mortality beyond that included in the PVA up to 197 birds."
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 2 SPAs
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. The worst case displacement scenario from the piling works could affect approximately 7,100 harbour porpoises across 26 pSCIs"
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. The SoS is also satisfied that the potential displacement effects of the piling works will not have an adverse effect upon site integrity given the highly mobile and wide foraging nature of harbour seals and their ability to feed on a wide range of prey sources.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Underwater noise,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. The SoS is also satisfied that the potential displacement effects of the piling works will not have an adverse effect upon site integrity given the highly mobile and wide foraging nature of harbour seals and their ability to feed on a wide range of prey sources.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Walney Extension offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 6 SPAs
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 5 SPAs
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 1 SPA
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 3 SPAs
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Triton Knoll Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 1 SPA
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions, 73p.",Functional linkage: How areas that are functionally linked to European sites have been considered when they may be affected by plans and projects - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2015,2016,Galloper Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered effects from OWFs being considered for authorisation on areas of sea that were considered to be functionally linked to a European SCA/SCI.. Collision risk for birds associated with 1 SPA
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet and kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet and kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Collision risk for sea birds (esp gannet and kittiwake) affecting breeding in England SPA site below PBR thresholds
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Burbo Bank Extension Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Likely significant effect as a result of displacement of birds. Displacement effects may result in increase in collisions.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Mudflats and sand dunes,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Walney Extension offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Mudflats and sand dunes,Cable installation,Negative impact on habitat quality or quantity,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Likely significant effect to intertidal mudflats and sand flats from cable installation and rock armour, but determined that small size meant no adverse effect on integrity of protected sites.."
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet and kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Rampion Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet and kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Collision risk for gannets and kittiwake below PBR thresholds
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Black-backed gulls,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,East Anglia One offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Black-backed gulls,Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Collision risk for black-backed gulls in-combination with other wind farms predicted to be so small (3-7) as to not adversely effect integrity of the SPA.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Sandwich tern,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Triton Knoll Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Sandwich tern,Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Collision risk for sandwich terns predicted to be within the mortality threshold of 94 and not adversely effect integrity of the breeding sandwich tern population of the nearby SPA.
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Lesser black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Galloper Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on collision risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. Collision risk for lesser black-backed gulls led to unfavourable declining conservation status for LBBGs. The OWF development could only go ahead after mitigation to remove mortalities. 
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 112p.",Small-scale effects: How the scale of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated divers,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013-2016,2016,Kentish Flats Extension Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated divers,Operation of windfarm,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions which considered small-scale effects from proposed OWFs on EPAs.. 33 additional red-throated divers predicted to be displaced by this wind farm. Alone this wind farm determined not to have adverse effect on integrity of the SPA.   
Grey,Natural England (2015). National Character Area profile: 42. Lincolnshire Coast and Marshes. 73p.,National Character Area profile: 42. Lincolnshire Coast and Marshes,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2015,2015,Unspecified,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Significant impact on long views within the NCA
Grey,Natural England (2014). National Character Area profile: 79. North East Norfolk and Flegg. 62p.,National Character Area profile: 79. North East Norfolk and Flegg,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Scroby Sands Offshore wind farm,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Strong visual impact on views out to sea
Grey,Natural England (2014). National Character Area profile: 79. North East Norfolk and Flegg. 62p.,National Character Area profile: 79. North East Norfolk and Flegg,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Scroby Sands Offshore wind farm,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Strong visual impact on views out to sea
Grey,Natural England (2013). National Character Area profile: 77. North Norfolk Coast. 72p.,National Character Area profile: 77. North Norfolk Coast,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013,2013,"Sheringham Shoal, Linc, Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farms",Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Significant impact on long views out of the NCA
Grey,Natural England (2013). National Character Area profile: 77. North Norfolk Coast. 72p.,National Character Area profile: 77. North Norfolk Coast,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2013,2013,"Sheringham Shoal, Linc, Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore wind farms",Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Lights from offshore wind farms impacting tranquility
Grey,Natural England (2014). National Character Area profile: 7. West Cumbria Coastal Plain,National Character Area profile: 7. West Cumbria Coastal Plain,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Unspecified,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Impact on landscape character profile
Grey,Natural England (2014). National Character Area profile: 7. West Cumbria Coastal Plain,National Character Area profile: 7. West Cumbria Coastal Plain,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2014,2014,Unspecified,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Impact on landscape character profile
Grey,Natural England (2015). National Character Area profile: 46. The Fens. 63p.,National Character Area profile: 46. The Fens,Presence of OWF,Human/social,Humans,Archaeology or cultural heritage,Social or cultural,"Other attitude, perception or value metrics",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2015,2015,Unspecified,Unspecified,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seascape, landscape and visual impact",Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on seascape,Negative impact on living systems that enable aesthetic experiences,Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Natural England National Character Area profile. Significant impact on long views out of the NCA
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Fulmar,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Fulmar,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on mortality,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement analysis to estimate displacement mortality. Mortality rate results presented without interpretation.
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on mortality,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement analysis to estimate displacement mortality. Mortality rate results presented without interpretation.
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Guillemot,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Guillemot,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on mortality,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement analysis to estimate displacement mortality. Mortality rate results presented without interpretation.
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Razorbill,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Razorbill,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on mortality,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement analysis to estimate displacement mortality. Mortality rate results presented without interpretation.
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Puffin,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Puffin,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on mortality,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement analysis to estimate displacement mortality. Mortality rate results presented without interpretation.
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Gannet,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Gannet,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Collision risk assessments. Collision risk estimates for a range of avoidance rates
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Kittiwake,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Kittiwake,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Collision risk assessments. Collision risk estimates for a range of avoidance rates
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Lesser black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Lesser black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Collision risk assessments. Collision risk estimates for a range of avoidance rates
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Herring gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Herring gull,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Collision risk assessments. Collision risk estimates for a range of avoidance rates
Grey,"Orsted (2021). Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates, 59p.",Hornsea Three Calculation of effect estimates,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Great black-backed gull,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2016-2019,2021,Hornsea Three Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Great black-backed gull,Operation of windfarm,Inconclusive impact on collision risk,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Collision risk assessments. Collision risk estimates for a range of avoidance rates
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Expected dB levels above PTS-onset threshold, hence risk of auditory injury for pile driving, drilling and vibropiling (but not other fixed methods)"
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Bottlenose dolphin,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Bottlenose dolphin,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Expected dB levels below PTS-onset threshold, hence no risk of auditory injury for fixed methods"
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Expected dB levels below PTS-onset threshold, hence no risk of auditory injury for fixed methods"
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Expected dB levels below PTS-onset threshold, hence no risk of auditory injury for fixed methods"
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Benthic habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic habitat,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat loss due to smothering,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Medium to high risk of habitat loss due to smothering of sediment"
Grey,"NIRAS Consulting Ltd (2019). Reducing underwater noise, Final report EB6, 91p.",Reducing Underwater Noise,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Benthic habitat,Physical or Chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,Correlative only (no direct effects),2019,2019,All UK waters,Floating,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,All UK waters,UK,UK_Europe,Benthic habitat,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on habitat loss due to smothering,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,"study of potential solutions available for reducing underwater noise at or near source in English, Welsh and Northern Irish waters.. Medium to high risk of habitat loss due to smothering of sediment"
Grey,"Skov, H., Heinänen, S., Norman, T., Ward, R.M., Méndez-Roldán, S. & Ellis, I. 2018. ORJIP Bird
Collision and Avoidance Study. Final report – April 2018. The Carbon Trust. United Kingdom. 247 pp.",ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study. Final report,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,All birds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2014-2016,2018,Thanet Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,4 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All birds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Detailed bird collision avoidance study at an operational windfarm. This study indicates that bird avoidance behaviour is likely to lead to a greater reduction in likely collision rates than current correction factors
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Seabirds,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabirds,Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,HRA assessment - predicted collision rate. Possible adverse effect on collision risk
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-Throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-Throated diver,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Effects in relation to the conservation objectives to maintain the distribution of red-throated divers within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-Throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-Throated diver,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Barrier effect for red-throated divers within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-Throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-Throated diver,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Barrier effect for red-throated divers within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-Throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-Throated diver,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Barrier effect for red-throated divers within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Seabirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabirds,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Effects in relation to the conservation objectives to maintain the distribution of birds within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Seabirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabirds,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Effects in relation to the conservation objectives to maintain the distribution of birds within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Seabirds,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2022,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seabirds,Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural Services,CICES,Effects in relation to the conservation objectives to maintain the distribution of birds within the SPA. Possible adverse effects from disturbance and displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, woodlark",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, woodlark",Construction of windfarm,No impact on foraging or roosting,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects in relation to the integrity of the SPA through loss of habitat for forgaing or roosting. No effects on foraging or roosting
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, woodlark",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, woodlark",Operation of windfarm,No impact on foraging or roosting,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects in relation to the integrity of the SPA through loss of habitat for forgaing or roosting. No effects on foraging or roosting
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Nightjar, woodlark",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Nightjar, woodlark",Decommissioning of windfarm,No impact on foraging or roosting,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects in relation to the integrity of the SPA through loss of habitat for forgaing or roosting. No effects on foraging or roosting
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"whooper swan, bittern, marsh harrier, hen harrier, ruff, and non-breeding Bewick’s swan",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"whooper swan, bittern, marsh harrier, hen harrier, ruff, and non-breeding Bewick’s swan",Operation of windfarm,No impact on collision mortality,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects in potential for collision mortality on the winter wildfowl assemblage during operation. No effect on collision mortality
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,little gull,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Modeling study,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,little gull,Operation of windfarm,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Displacement of little gulls. No impacts from displacement
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Seals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seals,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,"Disturbance from noise due to unexploded ordenance clearing, vessels or piling. No adverse impacts"
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Seals,Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Seals,Underwater noise,"No impact on condition, health or injury","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Disturbance from noise due operation or maintenance activities. No adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on prey species from suspended sediment,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects on prey species due to increased suspended sediment or sediment redeposition. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Decommissioning of windfarm,Negative impact on prey species from suspended sediment,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects on prey species due to increased suspended sediment or sediment redeposition. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects due to changes in water quality. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Operation of windfarm,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects due to changes in water quality. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects on due to disturbance from underwater noise. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects on due to disturbance from underwater noise. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Underwater noise,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects on due to disturbance from underwater noise. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Vessel traffic,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects due to vessel interactions. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Vessel traffic,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects due to vessel interactions. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022). East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment, 107p.",East Anglia Two Habitats Regulation Assessment,Decommission of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,"Seals, porpoises",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or Unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2018,2022,East Anglia Two Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Seals, porpoises",Vessel traffic,"Negative impact on condition, health or injury","Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Effects due to vessel interactions. Possible adverse impacts
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 36p.",Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions.,Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Coastal vegetation,Salicornia and other colonisers,Ecological or community,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Salicornia and other colonisers,Cable installation,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,An analysis of authoritative decisions that have considered longevity of effects of plans or projects being assessed under the Habitats Directive and Regulations. No temporal effects of cable laying on habitat
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 36p.",Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions.,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Mudflats and sand dunes,Physical or chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016,2016,Hornsea Project One Offshore wind farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Mudflats and sand dunes,Cable installation,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions that have considered longevity of effects of plans or projects being assessed under the Habitats Directive and Regulations. No temporal effects of cable laying on habitat
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 36p.",Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions.,Construction of OWF,Abiotic,Habitat,Mudflats and sand dunes,Physical or chemical,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016,2016,Walney Extension Offshore wind farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Mudflats and sand dunes,Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions that have considered longevity of effects of plans or projects being assessed under the Habitats Directive and Regulations. No habitat loss
Grey,"Natural England (2016). Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions, 36p.",Temporary effects: How the longevity of effects has been considered in respect of plans and projects affecting European sites - a review of authoritative decisions.,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Red-throated diver,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2016,2016,Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm,Cables,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Red-throated diver,Operation of windfarm,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,An analysis of authoritative decisions that have considered longevity of effects of plans or projects being assessed under the Habitats Directive and Regulations. No effect on displacement or disturbance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Construction of windfarm,No impact on species composition,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Low level of correlation between species assemblages and distance from construction site. No detectable effect of windfarm on species assemblages
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Fish,All fish ,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All fish ,Operation of windfarm,No impact on species composition,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,Low level of correlation between species assemblages and distance from construction site. No detectable effect of windfarm on species assemblages
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Low level of correlation between species assemblages and distance from construction site. Abundance reduced following commencement of construction
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Species or biological,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",Negative impact on Regulating services,CICES,Low level of correlation between species assemblages and distance from construction site. Abundance reduced following commencement of construction
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Guillemot, red throated diver",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Guillemot, red throated diver",Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on behaviour,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Avoidance of of windfarm area during construction. Avoidance of of windfarm area during construction
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Guillemot, red throated diver",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Guillemot, red throated diver",Operation of windfarm,No impact on behaviour,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,No avoidance of windfarm area during operation. No avoidance of windfarm area during operation
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Cormorant, herring gull and kittiwake",Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Cormorant, herring gull and kittiwake",Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Increased abundance in windfarm site since construction. Increased abundance in windfarm site since construction
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Construction of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Construction of windfarm,No impact on species composition,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,No difference in species composition over time. No difference in species composition over time
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Community/assemblage,Invertebrates,All invertebrates,Ecological or community,Community composition or structure,No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2013,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,3 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,All invertebrates,Operation of windfarm,No impact on species composition,No impact on biodiversity,No impact on Supporting services,MEA,No difference in species composition over time. No difference in species composition over time
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.",Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data - Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm - Operational Year Five Technical Report - Ornithological monitoring,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (13 species),Species or biological,"Habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2015,2015,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (13 species),Construction of windfarm,"No impact on habitat quantity, quality or extant (natural)","No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,No significant impact from habitat loss through construction of windfarm. No significant impact from habitat loss through construction of windfarm
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.",Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data - Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm - Operational Year Five Technical Report - Ornithological monitoring,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (11 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2015,2016,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (11 species),Construction of windfarm,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,No significant difference in abundance. No significant impact from displacement due to disturbance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.",Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data - Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm - Operational Year Five Technical Report - Ornithological monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,Birds (11 species),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2015,2017,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Birds (11 species),Operation of windfarm,No displacement effect,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,No significant difference in abundance. No significant impact from displacement due to disturbance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.",Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data - Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm - Operational Year Five Technical Report - Ornithological monitoring,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Birds,"Common scoter, red throated diver",Species or biological,"Condition, health, or injury",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2015,2018,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,5 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,"Common scoter, red throated diver",Operation of windfarm,No collision risk,"No impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",No impact on Cultural services,CICES,Increase of less than 1% on baseline mortality rates. Negligible impact on risk of collision
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland 
(Operational Year 2) Technical Report",Construction of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Non-migratory and electrosensitive fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Non-migratory and electrosensitive fish,Construction of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,No significant difference in abundance
Grey,"Natural Power Consultants (2013). Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3) Technical Report, 12p.","Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland 
(Operational Year 2) Technical Report",Presence of OWF,Species/population,Fish,Non-migratory and electrosensitive fish,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2013,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,2 years,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Non-migratory and electrosensitive fish,Operation of windfarm,No impact on abundance,"No impact on the regulation of physical, chemical, biological conditions",No impact on Regulating services,CICES,No significant difference in abundance
Primary,"Verfuss, U., Sparling, C.E.. Amot, C., Judd, A., Coyle, M. (2016). Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 875: 1175-82.",Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2015,2015,Scroby Sands Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Operation of windfarm,Negative impact on abundance,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of monitoring studies. Decline in harbour seal numbers during construction and 2 subsequent operational years
Primary,"Verfuss, U., Sparling, C.E.. Amot, C., Judd, A., Coyle, M. (2016). Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 875: 1175-82.",Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals,Presence of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Grey seal,Species or biological,"Abundance, density, or % cover",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2015,2015,Scroby Sands Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Grey seal,Operation of windfarm,Positive impact on abundance,Positive impact on existence and bequest aspects of cultural services,Positive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of monitoring studies. Increase in grey seal numbers during construction and 2 subsequent operational years
Primary,"Verfuss, U., Sparling, C.E.. Amot, C., Judd, A., Coyle, M. (2016). Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 875: 1175-82.",Review of Offshore Wind Farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour porpoise,Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Literature-based assessment,No comparator,2015,2015,Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,Irish Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour porpoise,Construction of windfarm,Negative impact on displacement risk,"Negative impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Negative impact on Cultural services,CICES,Review of monitoring studies. Displacement of harbour porpoise during construction
Grey,"Hastie, G.D., Russell, D.J.F., McConnell, B., Thompson, D., Janik, V.M. (2016). Multiple-Pulse Sounds and Seals: Results of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Telemetry Study During Wind Farm Construction. In: Popper, A., Hawkins, A. (eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 875. Springer, New York, NY. ",Multiple-Pulse Sounds and Seals: Results of a Harbor Seal ( Phoca vitulina ) Telemetry Study During Wind Farm Construction,Construction of OWF,Species/population,Marine mammals,Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina),Species or biological,"Behaviour (reproductive, avoidance, migration)",No or unspecified,No or Unspecified,Empirical or observational study,No comparator,2012,2015,Lincs Offshore wind farm,Fixed,N/A,Unspecified,Atlantic,North Sea,UK,UK_Europe,Harbour seal,Underwater noise,Inconclusive impact on behaviour,"Inconclusive impact on experiential, existence and bequest aspects of cultural services",Inconclusive impact on Cultural services,CICES,Study of impacts of noise from piling using GPS trackers to measure displacement. Seals continued to be active around wind farm site during pile driving at distances between 6.7 and 46.1km
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